Ho CL, Chen S, Yeung DW, Cheng TK Dual-tracer PET/CT imaging in evaluation of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. J Nucl Med. 2007 Jun;48(6):902-9. Epub 2007 May 15.
Ho CL, Yu SC, Yeung DW 11C-acetate PET imaging in hepatocellular carcinoma and other liver masses. J Nucl Med. 2003 Feb;44(2):213-21.
Jadvar H, Alavi A Role of Imaging in Prostate Cancer. PET Clin. 2009 Apr 1;4(2):135-8. doi: 10.1016/j.cpet.2009.05.003.
Jadvar H Prostate cancer: PET with 18F-FDG, 18F- or 11C-acetate, and 18F- or 11C-choline. J Nucl Med. 2011 Jan;52(1):81-9. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.110.077941. Epub 2010 Dec 13. Review.
Mock BH, Brown-Proctor C, Green MA, Steele B, Glick-Wilson BE, Zheng QH An automated SPE-based high-yield synthesis of [11C]acetate and [11C]palmitate: no liquid-liquid extraction, solvent evaporation or distillation required. Nucl Med Biol. 2011 Nov;38(8):1135-42. doi: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2011.05.007. Epub 2011 Aug 9.
Peterson MS, Baron RL, Marsh JW Jr, Oliver JH 3rd, Confer SR, Hunt LE Pretransplantation surveillance for possible hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis: epidemiology and CT-based tumor detection rate in 430 cases with surgical pathologic correlation. Radiology. 2000 Dec;217(3):743-9.
Sandblom G, Sörensen J, Lundin N, Häggman M, Malmström PU Positron emission tomography with C11-acetate for tumor detection and localization in patients with prostate-specific antigen relapse after radical prostatectomy. Urology. 2006 May;67(5):996-1000.
Tollinger CD, Vreman HJ, Weiner MW Measurement of acetate in human blood by gas chromatography: effects of sample preparation, feeding, and various diseases. Clin Chem. 1979 Oct;25(10):1787-90.
Wang CL, Cohan RH, Ellis JH, Adusumilli S, Dunnick NR Frequency, management, and outcome of extravasation of nonionic iodinated contrast medium in 69,657 intravenous injections. Radiology. 2007 Apr;243(1):80-7. Erratum in: Radiology. 2015 Jan;274(1):307.
Feasibility of 11C-acetate in the Monitoring of Treatment Response Following Radiotherapy in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
