Immunogenicity Study of an Inactivated Hepatitis A Vaccine in Infants and Young Children

Hepatitis A Clinical Trial

Official title:

Immunogenicity Study of an Inactivated Hepatitis A Vaccine in Infants and Young Children

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT00139113
• Other study ID #: CDC-NCID-1358
• Secondary ID: U50/CCU022279
• Status: Completed
• Phase: Phase 4
• First received: August 29, 2005
• Last updated: August 29, 2012
• Start date: September 1996
• Est. completion date: June 2001

Study information

• Verified date: August 2012
• Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Health authority: United States: Food and Drug Administration
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Infants born to immune mothers and therefore having passively-transferred maternal antibody (PMA) to hepatitis A virus (HAV) have a blunted immune response to hepatitis A vaccine. We compared the immunogenicity of hepatitis A vaccine among infants with and without PMA, vaccinated on different schedules. We found that when vaccination is begun at or after 12 months of age, there was no difference in the immune response to the vaccine between infants born to immune vs. susceptible mothers.

Description:

Background: Infants with passively-transferred maternal antibody (PMA) to hepatitis A virus (HAV) have a blunted immune response to hepatitis A vaccine. We compared the immunogenicity of hepatitis A vaccine among infants with and without PMA, vaccinated on different schedules.

Methods: Infants were randomized to one of three groups, each receiving two doses of 720 EL.U. of hepatitis A vaccine (HAVRIX, Glaxo SmithKline) according to the following schedules: Group 1 at ages 6 and 12 months; Group 2 at ages 12 and 18 months; Group 3 at ages 15 and 21 months. We determined antibody to HAV (anti-HAV) status of mothers at the time of delivery, and measured infants' anti-HAV concentrations at the time of the first vaccine dose (baseline), and at 1, 7 and 12 months thereafter. Anti-HAV concentrations > 33 milli-International Units/milliliter (mIU/mL) were considered protective. We monitored adverse reactions using diary cards and chart reviews.

Results: A total of 239 infants were enrolled, including 134 born to anti-HAV negative mothers (Groups 1N, 2N, 3N) and 105 born to anti-HAV positive mothers (Groups 1P, 2P, 3P).

At month 12, 6 months after the second vaccine dose, the difference in GMC between Groups 1P and 1N was the only statistically significant difference within groups (p<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in GMC among groups of infants born to anti-HAV negative mothers ("N" groups), but the difference between Group 1P and Group 3P infants was significant (p < 0.05). No serious adverse reactions related to vaccination were detected.

Conclusions: Hepatitis A vaccine is immunogenic among infants born to anti-HAV negative mothers, and among those born to anti-HAV positive mothers and vaccinated beginning as young as 12 months old. The persistence of PMA for at least six months among the majority of infants born to anti-HAV positive mothers results in lower seroconversion rates and GMC's.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 248
• Est. completion date: June 2001
• Est. primary completion date: June 2001
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: Both
• Age group: N/A to 6 Months

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:term infant with normal growth and development, considered to be healthy at age 6 months; written informed consent by parent/guardian -

Exclusion Criteria:received or expected to receive immune globulin or blood/blood products while enrolled; received or expected to receive immunosuppressive therapy within 30 days of vaccination or has immune deficiency; currently enrolled in another vaccine trial; progressive or unstable neurological disorder

Study Design

Allocation: Randomized, Endpoint Classification: Efficacy Study, Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment, Masking: Single Blind (Subject), Primary Purpose: Prevention

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Hepatitis
• Hepatitis A

Intervention

Biological:
• hepatitis A vaccine
2 doses of inactivated hepatitis A vaccine manufactured by GSK in licensed pediatric formulation of 720 EL. U. per dose given on 3 different schedules: aged 6 and 12 months, 12 and 18 months, and 15 and 21 months. Within each group, subjects were randomized to achieve a relatively equal number of children born to anti-HAV positive and anti-HAV negative mothers.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
United States	Alaska Native Medical Center	Anchorage	Alaska
United States	Anchorage Neighborhood Health Center	Anchorage	Alaska

Sponsors (3)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention	Alaska Native Medical Center, GlaxoSmithKline

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

References & Publications (1)

Bell BP, Negus S, Fiore AE, Plotnik J, Dhotre KB, Williams J, Shapiro CN, McMahon BJ. Immunogenicity of an inactivated hepatitis A vaccine in infants and young children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2007 Feb;26(2):116-22. — View Citation

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	concentration of antibody to hepatitis A virus	Sera obtained at time of first hepatitis A vaccine dose (baseline) and 1, 7, and 12 months thereafter	baseline and 1, 7, and 12 months post vax	No
Secondary	reported side effects and adverse events	at time of each vaccine dose, parent was given a diary card on which to record systemic and injection site signs and symptoms observed on day of vaccination and subsequent 3 days.	day of vaccination and 3 days thereafter	Yes
Secondary	antibodies to routine childhood vaccinations	in a sample of study subjects from each group, blood drawn at age 13 months was tested for response to routine vaccinations.	age 13 months	No