Heart Failure NYHA Class II — Cycle Ergometer Training and Heart Failure on Heart Rate Recovery and Mind Fullness
Citation(s)
Hsu CY, Hsieh PL, Hsiao SF, Chien MY Effects of Exercise Training on Autonomic Function in Chronic Heart Failure: Systematic Review. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:591708. doi: 10.1155/2015/591708. Epub 2015 Oct 12. Review.
van Tol BA, Huijsmans RJ, Kroon DW, Schothorst M, Kwakkel G Effects of exercise training on cardiac performance, exercise capacity and quality of life in patients with heart failure: a meta-analysis. Eur J Heart Fail. 2006 Dec;8(8):841-50. Epub 2006 May 18.
Yaylali YT, Findikoglu G, Yurtdas M, Konukçu S, Senol H The effects of baseline heart rate recovery normality and exercise training protocol on heart rate recovery in patients with heart failure. Anatol J Cardiol. 2015 Sep;15(9):727-34. doi: 10.5152/akd.2014.5710. Epub 2014 Oct 15.
Effects of Cycle Ergometer Training on Heart Rate Recovery and Mind Fullness in NYHA Class I, II Heart Failure Patients
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.