Outcome
Type |
Measure |
Description |
Time frame |
Safety issue |
Primary |
Change in Vocal Confidence |
Vocal confidence will be measured using a questionnaire developed by USC's Bionic Ear Lab researchers combined with Singing Voice Handicap Index (SVHI) to measure levels of self-esteem as well as physical and emotional experiences related to singing. |
Change between baseline and 1 week post voice lessons |
|
Primary |
Change in Goldsmiths Musical Sophistication Index (Gold MSI) |
The Goldsmiths Musical Sophistication Index measures musical attitudes, behaviours, and skills |
Change between baseline and 1 week post voice lessons |
|
Primary |
Change in Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders (Neuro-QoL) Questionnaire |
The specific domains assessed in Neurological Disorders (Neuro-QoL) Questionnaire will include: ability to participate in social roles and activities, positive affect and well-being, and satisfaction with social roles and activities. |
Change between baseline and 1 week post voice lessons |
|
Primary |
Change in Auditory Skills |
Speech and music perceptual abilities via TeamHearing software. |
Change between baseline and 1 week post voice lessons |
|
Primary |
Change in Vocal Skills of Audio Recordings of Participants |
Pitch matching, interval matching, and rhythm matching abilities will be rated automatically for accuracy by Praat speech analysis software and additional characteristics of vocal quality and singing accuracy (melodic contour, diction, tempo, tone, phrasing, and breath) will be rated by voice teachers on a Likert-type scale (0-5 with higher being more accurate). |
Change between baseline and 1 week post voice lessons |
|
Primary |
Change in Self Esteem |
The Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale is a10-item self-reported questionnaire designed to measure self-esteem. It includes 10 statements related to a person's feelings of self-worth or self-acceptance. A four-point scale ranging from "strongly agree" to "strongly disagree" is used to answer the questions (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, n.d). The RSES is a reliable instrument as indicated by its Guttman scale coefficient of reproducibility of 0.92, which indicates excellent internal consistency. Test-retest reliability has correlations of 0.85 and 0.88 over a 2-week period, which indicates appropriate stability. The validity of the RSES is demonstrated by its concurrent, predictive, and constructive validity using known groups. The RSES correlates significantly with other measures of self-esteem such as the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory as well as with the predicted direction of measures of depression and anxiety (Rosenberg, 2006). |
Change between baseline and 1 week post voice lessons |
|
Secondary |
Participation motivation, experience, and goals |
Semi-structured interviews will be used to assess participant motivation and quality of experience within the program. Responses will be qualitatively coded and compared from baseline to the end of the program. |
Up to 14 weeks |
|
Secondary |
Engagement of the participants |
Voice teachers will keep a teaching log reflecting upon participants' attendance, motivation, and engagement.These notes will be compiled and coded following the program to qualitatively track vocal progress of participants throughout the study. |
Up to 12 weeks |
|
Secondary |
Changes in Vocal Skills of Participants |
Voice teachers will keep a teaching log reflecting upon student progress and which techniques, vocal warm-ups, or other learning methods proved most effective during lessons. These notes will be compiled and coded following the program to qualitatively track vocal progress of participants throughout the study. |
Up to 12 weeks |
|
Secondary |
Changes in Vocal Confidence |
Vocal confidence will be measured using a questionnaire developed by USC's Bionic Ear Lab researchers combined with Singing Voice Handicap Index (SVHI) to measure levels of self-esteem as well as physical and emotional experiences related to singing. |
Change between 1 week post voice lessons and 3 months post voice lessons |
|
Secondary |
Change in Goldsmiths Musical Sophistication Index (Gold MSI) |
The Goldsmiths Musical Sophistication Index measures musical attitudes, behaviours, and skills |
Change between 1 week post voice lessons and 3 months post voice lessons |
|
Secondary |
Change in Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders (Neuro-QoL) Questionnaire |
The specific domains assessed in Neurological Disorders (Neuro-QoL) Questionnaire will include: ability to participate in social roles and activities, positive affect and well-being, and satisfaction with social roles and activities. |
Change between 1 week post voice lessons and 3 months post voice lessons |
|
Secondary |
Change in Auditory Skills |
Speech and music perceptual abilities via TeamHearing software |
Change between 1 week post voice lessons and 3 months post voice lessons |
|
Secondary |
Change in Vocal Skills of Audio Recordings of Participants |
Pitch matching, interval matching, and rhythm matching abilities will be rated automatically for accuracy by Praat speech analysis software and additional characteristics of vocal quality and singing accuracy (melodic contour, diction, tempo, tone, phrasing, and breath) will be rated by voice teachers on a Likert-type scale (0-5 with higher being more accurate) |
Change between 1 week post voice lessons and 3 months post voice lessons |
|
Secondary |
Change in Self Esteem |
The Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale is a10-item self-reported questionnaire designed to measure self-esteem. It includes 10 statements related to a person's feelings of self-worth or self-acceptance. A four-point scale ranging from "strongly agree" to "strongly disagree" is used to answer the questions (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, n.d). The RSES is a reliable instrument as indicated by its Guttman scale coefficient of reproducibility of 0.92, which indicates excellent internal consistency. Test-retest reliability has correlations of 0.85 and 0.88 over a 2-week period, which indicates appropriate stability. The validity of the RSES is demonstrated by its concurrent, predictive, and constructive validity using known groups. The RSES correlates significantly with other measures of self-esteem such as the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory as well as with the predicted direction of measures of depression and anxiety (Rosenberg, 2006). |
Change between 1 week post voice lessons and 3 months post voice lessons |
|
Secondary |
Changes in Music Experience UCMLQ Questionnaire |
University of Canterbury Music Listening Questionnaire (UCMLQ) questionnaire will measure participants music experience with Hearing Aids or/and Cochlear Implants |
Change between baseline and 1 week post voice lessons |
|