Healthy — Sensory Evaluation of the Taste of Pediatric Medicines
Citation(s)
Bobowski N, Mennella JA Personal Variation in Preference for Sweetness: Effects of Age and Obesity. Child Obes. 2017 Oct;13(5):369-376. doi: 10.1089/chi.2017.0023. Epub 2017 May 12.
Bobowski N, Reed DR, Mennella JA Variation in the TAS2R31 bitter taste receptor gene relates to liking for the nonnutritive sweetener Acesulfame-K among children and adults. Sci Rep. 2016 Dec 14;6:39135. doi: 10.1038/srep39135.
Kalva JJ, Sims CA, Puentes LA, Snyder DJ, Bartoshuk LM Comparison of the hedonic general Labeled Magnitude Scale with the hedonic 9-point scale. J Food Sci. 2014 Feb;79(2):S238-45. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.12342. Epub 2014 Jan 14.
Mennella JA, Mathew PS, Lowenthal ED Use of Adult Sensory Panel to Study Individual Differences in the Palatability of a Pediatric HIV Treatment Drug. Clin Ther. 2017 Oct;39(10):2038-2048. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2017.08.012. Epub 2017 Sep 18.
Mennella JA, Spector AC, Reed DR, Coldwell SE The bad taste of medicines: overview of basic research on bitter taste. Clin Ther. 2013 Aug;35(8):1225-46. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2013.06.007. Epub 2013 Jul 22.
Snyder DJ, Prescott J, Bartoshuk LM Modern psychophysics and the assessment of human oral sensation. Adv Otorhinolaryngol. 2006;63:221-241. doi: 10.1159/000093762.
Taste of Medicines for Children: Genetic Variation and Medical Adherence (Aim 1)
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
