Study of Efficacy and Safety of Dabrafenib in Combination With Trametinib in Pediatric Patients With BRAF V600 Mutation Positive LGG or Relapsed or Refractory HGG Tumors

Glioblastoma Clinical Trial

Official title:

Phase II Open-label Global Study to Evaluate the Effect of Dabrafenib in Combination With Trametinib in Children and Adolescent Patients With BRAF V600 Mutation Positive Low Grade Glioma (LGG) or Relapsed or Refractory High Grade Glioma (HGG)

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT02684058
• Other study ID #: CDRB436G2201
• Secondary ID: 2015-004015-20
• Status: Completed
• Phase: Phase 2
• Start date: December 28, 2017
• Est. completion date: April 28, 2023

Study information

• Verified date: November 2023
• Source: Novartis
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

The purpose of this study was to investigate the activity of dabrafenib in combination with trametinib in children and adolescent patients with BRAF V600 mutation positive low grade glioma (LGG) or relapsed or refractory high grade glioma (HGG)

Description:

This study combines two pediatric glioma cohorts (LGG and HGG cohorts) into a multi-center, open-label, Phase II study:

• The LGG cohort is a multi-center, randomized, open-label part of this Phase II study conducted in children and adolescent patients with BRAF V600 mutation-positive LGG whose tumor was unresectable and who required first systemic treatment. Participants in the LGG cohort were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to either dabrafenib plus trametinib or carboplatin with vincristine.

• The HGG cohort is a multi-center, single-arm, open-label part of this Phase II study conducted in children and adolescent patients with BRAF V600 mutation-positive, refractory or relapsed HGG tumors after having received at least one previous standard therapy.

The duration of treatment for participants on dabrafenib plus trametinib in LGG and for all patients in the HGG cohort was continued until the loss of clinical benefit in the opinion of the Investigator, unacceptable toxicity, start of a new anti-neoplastic therapy, discontinuation at the discretion of the investigator or patient/legal guardian, lost to follow-up, death, study termination by the sponsor, or until disease progression. The duration of treatment for patients in the carboplatin with vincristine arm in LGG cohort was continued for the prescribed number of cycles, as tolerated or until unacceptable toxicity, start of a new anti-neoplastic therapy, discontinuation at the discretion of the investigator or patient/legal guardian, lost to follow-up, death, study is terminated by the sponsor or until disease progression. Participants randomized to the carboplatin with vincristine treatment arm were allowed to cross over to receive dabrafenib in combination with trametinib after centrally confirmed RANO-defined disease progression. Crossover was allowed during the treatment period or the post-treatment period.

After discontinuation of study treatment, all participants (LGG and HGG cohorts) were followed for safety for at least 30 days after the last dose of study treatment. All participants who discontinued study treatment for reasons other than disease progression, death, loss to follow up, or withdrawal of consent moved into the post-treatment efficacy follow-up phase. Finally, all participants were followed for survival once they discontinued study treatment for at least 2 years after the last patient first study treatment (except if consent was withdrawn, death, or the patient was lost to follow-up or discontinued study)

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 151
• Est. completion date: April 28, 2023
• Est. primary completion date: August 23, 2021
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 12 Months to 17 Years

Eligibility

Key Inclusion Criteria:

• Diagnosis of BRAF V600 mutant High Grade glioma that had relapsed, progressed or failed to respond to frontline therapy

• Diagnosis of BRAF V600 mutant Low Grade glioma with progressive disease following surgical excision, or non-surgical candidates with necessity to begin first systemic treatment because of a risk of neurological impairment with progression.

• Confirmed measurable disease

Key Exclusion Criteria:

• Previous treatment with dabrafenib, trametinib, other RAF inhibitor, other MEK or ERK inhibitor

• HGG patient: Cancer treatment within the past 3 weeks. LGG patient: Any systemic therapy or radiotherapy prior to enrollment

• LGG patients: history of allergic reaction or contraindications to the use of carboplatin or vincristine

• Stem cell transplant within the past 3 months

• History of heart disease

• Pregnant or lactating females

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Anaplastic Astrocytoma
• Anaplastic Ganglioglioma
• Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma
• Anaplastic Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma
• Angiocentric Glioma
• Astrocytoma
• Central Neurocytoma
• Cerebellar Iponeurocytoma
• Chordoid Glioma of Third Ventricle
• Desmoplastic Infantile Astrocytoma and Ganglioglioma
• Diffuse Astrocytoma
• Dysplastic Gangliocytoma of Cerebrellum
• Extraventricular Neurocytoma
• Gangliocytoma
• Ganglioglioma
• Ganglioneuroma
• Giant Cell Astrocytoma
• Glioblastoma
• Glioma
• Neoplasms
• Oligodendroglioma
• Oligodendroglioma, Childhood
• Papillary Glioneuronal Tumor
• Pilocytic Astrocytoma
• Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma
• Rosette-forming Glioneurona Tumor

Intervention

Drug:
• Dabrafenib
Dabrafenib was available as 50 mg and 75 mg hard capsules and as 10 mg dispersible tablets for oral suspension. Dabrafenib was administered orally, twice daily, and was dosed based on age and weight Patients < 12 years old and = 16 kg were to be administered either the dabrafenib capsules or dabrafenib dispersible tablets for oral suspension (dose: 5.25 mg/kg/day) Patients = 12 years old and = 19 kg were to be administered either the dabrafenib capsules or dabrafenib dispersible tablets for oral suspension (dose: 4.5 mg/kg/day) Patients < 12 years old and < 16 kg were to be administered dabrafenib dispersible tablets for oral suspension (dose: 5.25 mg/kg/day) Patients =12 years old and <19 kg were to be administered dabrafenib dispersible tablets for oral suspension (dose: 4.5 mg/kg/day)
• trametinib
Trametinib was available as 0.5 mg and 2 mg film-coated tablets and as 5.0 mg powder in bottle for oral solution (0.05 mg/ml after reconstitution with 90 ml water).Trametinib was administered orally, once daily in combination with the first daily dose of dabrafenib and was dosed based on age and weight. Patients <6 years old and <26 kg were to be administered the trametinib oral solution (dose: 0.032 mg/kg/day) Patients <6 years old and =26 kg were to be administered either the trametinib oral solution or trametinib tablets (dose: 0.032 mg/kg/day) Patients =6 years old and =10 kg < 33 kg were to be administered the trametinib oral solution (dose: 0.025 mg/kg/day) Patients =6 years old and =33 kg were to be administered either the trametinib oral solution or the trametinib tablets (dose: 0.025 mg/kg/day)
• Carboplatin
Carboplatin was supplied locally as commercially available and labelled accordingly to comply with legal requirements of each country. Carboplatin was administered as one course of induction (10 weeks of chemotherapy with 2 weeks of rest), followed by 8 cycles of maintenance chemotherapy. Each maintenance cycle was 6 weeks, and consisted of 4 weeks of chemotherapy with 2 weeks of rest. Induction: 175 mg/m^2 as weekly intravenous (IV) infusion on weeks 1 to 4, and on weeks 7 to 10, on the same day as vincristine dosing Maintenance: 175 mg/m^2 as weekly IV infusion over 60 minutes on weeks 1 to 4 of each cycle.
• Vincristine
Vincristine was supplied locally as commercially available and labelled accordingly to comply with legal requirements of each country. Vincristine was administered as one course of induction (10 weeks of chemotherapy with 2 weeks of rest), followed by 8 cycles of maintenance chemotherapy. Induction: 1.5 mg/m^2 as weekly IV bolus infusion (0.05 mg/kg if child is <12 kg) (maximum dose of 2.0 mg) for 10 weeks. Maintenance: 1.5 mg/m^2 as weekly IV bolus infusion (0.05 mg/kg if child is <12 kg) (maximum dose of 2.0 mg) on weeks 1 to 3 of each cycle, on the same day as carboplatin dosing.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Argentina	Novartis Investigative Site	Caba	Buenos Aires
Australia	Novartis Investigative Site	Parkville	Victoria
Australia	Novartis Investigative Site	Randwick	New South Wales
Belgium	Novartis Investigative Site	Brussels
Brazil	Novartis Investigative Site	Barretos	SP
Brazil	Novartis Investigative Site	Sao Paulo	SP
Brazil	Novartis Investigative Site	Sao Paulo	SP
Canada	Novartis Investigative Site	Montreal	Quebec
Canada	Novartis Investigative Site	Toronto	Ontario
Canada	Novartis Investigative Site	Vancouver	British Columbia
Czechia	Novartis Investigative Site	Brno
Czechia	Novartis Investigative Site	Praha 5
Denmark	Novartis Investigative Site	Copenhagen
Finland	Novartis Investigative Site	Tampere
France	Novartis Investigative Site	Lille Cedex
France	Novartis Investigative Site	Lyon
France	Novartis Investigative Site	Paris
France	Novartis Investigative Site	Strasbourg
France	Novartis Investigative Site	Toulouse Cedex
France	Novartis Investigative Site	Villejuif
Germany	Novartis Investigative Site	Augsburg
Germany	Novartis Investigative Site	Berlin
Germany	Novartis Investigative Site	Essen
Germany	Novartis Investigative Site	Gottingen
Germany	Novartis Investigative Site	Hamburg
Germany	Novartis Investigative Site	Heidelberg
Germany	Novartis Investigative Site	Koeln
Israel	Novartis Investigative Site	Petach-Tikva
Israel	Novartis Investigative Site	Tel-Hashomer
Italy	Novartis Investigative Site	Firenze	FI
Italy	Novartis Investigative Site	Genova	GE
Italy	Novartis Investigative Site	Milano	MI
Italy	Novartis Investigative Site	Roma	RM
Italy	Novartis Investigative Site	Torino	TO
Japan	Novartis Investigative Site	Fukuoka city	Fukuoka
Japan	Novartis Investigative Site	Osaka
Japan	Novartis Investigative Site	Setagaya-ku	Tokyo
Netherlands	Novartis Investigative Site	Utrecht	CS
Russian Federation	Novartis Investigative Site	Moscow
Spain	Novartis Investigative Site	Barcelona	Catalunya
Spain	Novartis Investigative Site	Madrid
Spain	Novartis Investigative Site	Valencia
Sweden	Novartis Investigative Site	Stockholm
Switzerland	Novartis Investigative Site	Zuerich
United Kingdom	Novartis Investigative Site	Leeds
United Kingdom	Novartis Investigative Site	Liverpool
United Kingdom	Novartis Investigative Site	London
United States	Johns Hopkins University IDS Pharmacy John Hopkins Hospital	Baltimore	Maryland
United States	Ann and Robert H Lurie Childrens Hospital of Chicago .	Chicago	Illinois
United States	Cincinnati Childrens Hospital Medical Center Cancer & Blood Disease Inst.	Cincinnati	Ohio
United States	Texas Children s Hospital Baylor College of Medicine	Houston	Texas
United States	Indiana University School of Medicine .	Indianapolis	Indiana
United States	St Jude Children's Research Hospital	Memphis	Tennessee
United States	Nicklaus Childrens Hospital	Miami	Florida
United States	Children's Hospital of Orange County	Orange	California
United States	Washington University School of Medicine SC	Saint Louis	Missouri
United States	Childrens National Hospital	Washington	District of Columbia

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Novartis Pharmaceuticals

Countries where clinical trial is conducted

United States,  Argentina,  Australia,  Belgium,  Brazil,  Canada,  Czechia,  Denmark,  Finland,  France,  Germany,  Israel,  Italy,  Japan,  Netherlands,  Russian Federation,  Spain,  Sweden,  Switzerland,  United Kingdom, 

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Other	LGG Cohort: Overall Response Rate (ORR) by Central Independent Assessment Using RANO Criteria (Longer Follow-up Time)	Percentage of participants with a best overall confirmed CR or PR as assessed per RANO criteria by central independent assessment. The 95% CIs were computed using two-sided exact binomial method. CR: Complete disappearance of all enhancing measurable and nonmeasurable disease sustained for at least 4 weeks; no new lesions; and stable or improved nonenhancing (T2/FLAIR) lesions. Patient must be off steroids or only on physiologic replacement doses. PR: = 50% reduction, compared to baseline, in the sum of products of the perpendicular diameters for all measurable lesions for at least 4 weeks, no progression of nonmeasureable disease, no new lesions, and stable or improved nonenhancing (T2/FLAIR) lesions. Patient must be on a corticosteroid dose not greater than the dose at the time of baseline scan and be stable or improving clinically. This analysis was conducted at the end of the trial (after the primary endpoint analysis cut-off date) and includes a longer follow-up time	Up to approx 4.2 years
Other	HGG Cohort: Overall Response Rate (ORR) by Central Independent Assessment Using RANO Criteria (Longer Follow-up Time)	Percentage of participants with a best overall confirmed CR or PR as assessed per RANO criteria by central independent assessment. The 95% CIs were computed using two-sided exact binomial method. CR: Complete disappearance of all enhancing measurable and nonmeasurable disease sustained for at least 4 weeks; no new lesions; and stable or improved nonenhancing (T2/FLAIR) lesions. Patient must be off steroids or only on physiologic replacement doses. PR: = 50% reduction, compared to baseline, in the sum of products of the perpendicular diameters for all measurable lesions for at least 4 weeks, no progression of nonmeasureable disease, no new lesions, and stable or improved nonenhancing (T2/FLAIR) lesions. Patient must be on a corticosteroid dose not greater than the dose at the time of baseline scan and be stable or improving clinically. This analysis was conducted at the end of the trial (after the primary endpoint analysis cut-off date) and includes a longer follow-up time	Up to approx 4.8 years
Primary	LGG Cohort: Overall Response Rate (ORR) by Central Independent Assessment Using Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) Criteria	Percentage of participants in the LGG cohort with a best overall confirmed Complete Response (CR) or Partial Response (PR) as assessed per RANO criteria by central independent assessment. The 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed using two-sided exact binomial method.; CR: Complete disappearance of all enhancing measurable and nonmeasurable disease sustained for at least 4 weeks; no new lesions; and stable or improved nonenhancing (T2/FLAIR) lesions. Patient must be off steroids or only on physiologic replacement doses.; PR: = 50% reduction, compared to baseline, in the sum of products of the perpendicular diameters for all measurable lesions for at least 4 weeks, no progression of nonmeasureable disease, no new lesions, and stable or improved nonenhancing (T2/FLAIR) lesions. Patient must be on a corticosteroid dose not greater than the dose at the time of baseline scan and be stable or improving clinically.	Up to approximately (approx.) 3 years
Primary	HGG Cohort: Overall Response Rate (ORR) by Central Independent Assessment Using RANO Criteria	Percentage of participants in the HGG cohort with a best overall confirmed CR or PR as assessed per RANO criteria by central independent assessment. The 95% CIs were computed using two-sided exact binomial method.; CR: Complete disappearance of all enhancing measurable and nonmeasurable disease sustained for at least 4 weeks; no new lesions; and stable or improved nonenhancing (T2/FLAIR) lesions. Patient must be off steroids or only on physiologic replacement doses.; PR: = 50% reduction, compared to baseline, in the sum of products of the perpendicular diameters for all measurable lesions for at least 4 weeks, no progression of nonmeasureable disease, no new lesions, and stable or improved nonenhancing (T2/FLAIR) lesions. Patient must be on a corticosteroid dose not greater than the dose at the time of baseline scan and be stable or improving clinically.	Up to approx. 3.2 years
Secondary	LGG Cohort: ORR by Investigator Assessment Using RANO Criteria	Percentage of participants in the LGG cohort with a best overall confirmed CR or PR as assessed per RANO criteria by investigator assessment. The 95% CIs were computed using two-sided exact binomial method.; CR: Complete disappearance of all enhancing measurable and nonmeasurable disease sustained for at least 4 weeks; no new lesions; and stable or improved nonenhancing (T2/FLAIR) lesions. Patient must be off steroids or only on physiologic replacement doses.; PR: = 50% reduction, compared to baseline, in the sum of products of the perpendicular diameters for all measurable lesions for at least 4 weeks, no progression of nonmeasureable disease, no new lesions, and stable or improved nonenhancing (T2/FLAIR) lesions. Patient must be on a corticosteroid dose not greater than the dose at the time of baseline scan and be stable or improving clinically.	Up to approx. 3 years and up to approx 4.2 years
Secondary	LGG Cohort: Kaplan-Meier Estimates of Duration of Response (DOR) as Per Central Independent Assessment Using RANO Criteria	Time from first documented response (PR or CR) until disease progression or death as per RANO criteria. Confidence Intervals were estimated using the Brookmeyer Crowley method. Patients who had not progressed or died or had received further anticancer therapy, were censored at the date of the last adequate tumor evaluation.; CR: Complete disappearance of all enhancing measurable and nonmeasurable disease sustained for at least 4 weeks; no new lesions; and stable or improved nonenhancing (T2/FLAIR) lesions. Patient must be off steroids or only on physiologic replacement doses.; PR: = 50% reduction, compared to baseline, in the sum of products of the perpendicular diameters for all measurable lesions for at least 4 weeks, no progression of nonmeasureable disease, no new lesions, and stable or improved nonenhancing (T2/FLAIR) lesions. Patient must be on a corticosteroid dose not greater than the dose at the time of baseline scan and be stable or improving clinically.	Up to approx. 3 years and up to approx 4.2 years
Secondary	LGG Cohort: Kaplan-Meier Estimates of Duration of Response (DOR) as Per Investigator Assessment Using RANO Criteria	Time from first documented response (PR or CR) until disease progression or death as per RANO criteria. Confidence Intervals were estimated using the Brookmeyer Crowley method. Patients who had not progressed or died or had received further anticancer therapy, were censored at the date of the last adequate tumor evaluation.; CR: Complete disappearance of all enhancing measurable and nonmeasurable disease sustained for at least 4 weeks; no new lesions; and stable or improved nonenhancing (T2/FLAIR) lesions. Patient must be off steroids or only on physiologic replacement doses.; PR: = 50% reduction, compared to baseline, in the sum of products of the perpendicular diameters for all measurable lesions for at least 4 weeks, no progression of nonmeasureable disease, no new lesions, and stable or improved nonenhancing (T2/FLAIR) lesions. Patient must be on a corticosteroid dose not greater than the dose at the time of baseline scan and be stable or improving clinically.	Up to approx. 3 years and up to approx 4.2 years
Secondary	LGG Cohort: Kaplan-Meier Progression-Free Survival (PFS) as Per Central Independent Assessment Using RANO Criteria	Time from the date of randomization to the date of first documented disease progression as per central independent review assessment using RANO criteria or death due to any cause. Confidence Intervals were estimated using the Brookmeyer Crowley method. Patients who had not progressed or died or had received further anticancer therapy were censored at the date of the last adequate tumor evaluation.	Up to approx. 3 years and up to approx 4.2 years
Secondary	LGG Cohort: Kaplan-Meier Progression-Free Survival (PFS) as Per Investigator Assessment Using RANO Criteria	Time from the date of randomization to the date of first documented disease progression as per investigator assessment using RANO criteria or death due to any cause. Confidence Intervals were estimated using the Brookmeyer Crowley method. Patients who had not progressed or died or had received further anticancer therapy were censored at the date of the last adequate tumor evaluation.	Up to approx. 3 years and up to approx 4.2 years
Secondary	LGG Cohort: Kaplan-Meier Estimates of Time to Response (TTR) as Per Central Independent Assessment Using RANO Criteria	Time from randomization to first documented response of CR or PR as per central independent assessment using RANO criteria. CIs were estimated using the Brookmeyer Crowley method. Patients without an event were censored either at the maximum follow-up time (if they experienced disease progression or death), or at their last tumor assessment date.; CR: Complete disappearance of all enhancing measurable and nonmeasurable disease sustained for at least 4 weeks; no new lesions; and stable or improved nonenhancing (T2/FLAIR) lesions. Patient must be off steroids or only on physiologic replacement doses.; PR: = 50% reduction, compared to baseline, in the sum of products of the perpendicular diameters for all measurable lesions for at least 4 weeks, no progression of nonmeasureable disease, no new lesions, and stable or improved nonenhancing (T2/FLAIR) lesions. Patient must be on a corticosteroid dose not greater than the dose at the time of baseline scan and be stable or improving clinically.	Up to approx. 4.2 years
Secondary	LGG Cohort: Kaplan-Meier Estimates of Time to Response (TTR) as Per Investigator Assessment Using RANO Criteria	Time from randomization to first documented response of CR or PR as per investigator assessment using RANO criteria. CIs were estimated using the Brookmeyer Crowley method. Patients without an event were censored either at the maximum follow-up time (if they experienced disease progression or death), or at their last tumor assessment date.; CR: Complete disappearance of all enhancing measurable and nonmeasurable disease sustained for at least 4 weeks; no new lesions; and stable or improved nonenhancing (T2/FLAIR) lesions. Patient must be off steroids or only on physiologic replacement doses.; PR: = 50% reduction, compared to baseline, in the sum of products of the perpendicular diameters for all measurable lesions for at least 4 weeks, no progression of nonmeasureable disease, no new lesions, and stable or improved nonenhancing (T2/FLAIR) lesions. Patient must be on a corticosteroid dose not greater than the dose at the time of baseline scan and be stable or improving clinically.	Up to approx. 4.2 years
Secondary	LGG Cohort: Clinical Benefit Rate (CBR) by Central Independent Assessment Using RANO Criteria	Percentage of participants with a best overall response of CR or PR, or stable disease (SD) which lasts for 24 weeks or longer.; CR: Complete disappearance of all enhancing measurable and nonmeasurable disease sustained for at least 4 weeks; no new lesions; and stable or improved nonenhancing (T2/FLAIR) lesions. Patient must be off steroids or only on physiologic replacement doses.; PR: = 50% reduction, compared to baseline, in the sum of products of the perpendicular diameters for all measurable lesions for at least 4 weeks, no progression of nonmeasureable disease, no new lesions, and stable or improved nonenhancing (T2/FLAIR) lesions. Patient must be on a corticosteroid dose not greater than the dose at the time of baseline scan and be stable or improving clinically.; SD: Partient did not qualify for CR, PR, or progressive disease and has stable nonenhancing (T2/FLAIR) lesions on same or lower doses of corticosteroids compared with baseline scan and clinically stable status.	Up to approx. 4.2 years
Secondary	LGG Cohort: Clinical Benefit Rate (CBR) by Investigator Assessment Using RANO Criteria	Percentage of participants with a best overall response of CR or PR, or stable disease (SD) which lasts for 24 weeks or longer.; CR: Complete disappearance of all enhancing measurable and nonmeasurable disease sustained for at least 4 weeks; no new lesions; and stable or improved nonenhancing (T2/FLAIR) lesions. Patient must be off steroids or only on physiologic replacement doses.; PR: = 50% reduction, compared to baseline, in the sum of products of the perpendicular diameters for all measurable lesions for at least 4 weeks, no progression of nonmeasureable disease, no new lesions, and stable or improved nonenhancing (T2/FLAIR) lesions. Patient must be on a corticosteroid dose not greater than the dose at the time of baseline scan and be stable or improving clinically.; SD: Partient did not qualify for CR, PR, or progressive disease and has stable nonenhancing (T2/FLAIR) lesions on same or lower doses of corticosteroids compared with baseline scan and clinically stable status.	Up to approx. 4.2 years
Secondary	LGG Cohort: Kaplan-Meier Estimates of Overall Survival (OS)	Time from first dose to death due to any cause in the LGG cohort. Confidence Intervals were estimated using the Brookmeyer Crowley method. If a patient was not known to have died at the time of analysis cut-off, OS was censored at the date of last contact.	Up to 4.6 years
Secondary	LGG Cohort: 2-year OS Estimate	OS was defined as the time from the first dose to death due to any cause in the LGG cohort. The 2-year Kaplan-Meier OS estimate represented the estimated percentage of participants remaining free from OS events for up to 2 years. If a patient was not known to have died at the time of analysis cut-off, OS was censored at the date of last contact	2 years from first dose
Secondary	HGG Cohort: ORR by Investigator Assessment Using RANO Criteria	ORR in the HGG cohort defined as the percentage of participants in the HGG cohort with a best overall confirmed CR or PR as assessed per RANO criteria by investigator assessment. The 95% CIs were computed using two-sided exact binomial method.; CR: Complete disappearance of all enhancing measurable and nonmeasurable disease sustained for at least 4 weeks; no new lesions; and stable or improved nonenhancing (T2/FLAIR) lesions. Patient must be off steroids or only on physiologic replacement doses.; PR: = 50% reduction, compared to baseline, in the sum of products of the perpendicular diameters for all measurable lesions for at least 4 weeks, no progression of nonmeasureable disease, no new lesions, and stable or improved nonenhancing (T2/FLAIR) lesions. Patient must be on a corticosteroid dose not greater than the dose at the time of baseline scan and be stable or improving clinically.	Up to approx. 3.2 years and up to approx. 4.8 years
Secondary	HGG Cohort: Kaplan-Meier Estimates of Duration of Response (DOR) as Per Central Independent Assessment Using RANO Criteria	Time from first documented response (PR or CR) until disease progression or death as per central independent assessment using RANO criteria. CIs were estimated using the Brookmeyer Crowley method. Patients who had not progressed or died or had received further anticancer therapy were censored at the date of the last adequate tumor evaluation.; CR: Complete disappearance of all enhancing measurable and nonmeasurable disease sustained for at least 4 weeks; no new lesions; and stable or improved nonenhancing (T2/FLAIR) lesions. Patient must be off steroids or only on physiologic replacement doses.; PR: = 50% reduction, compared to baseline, in the sum of products of the perpendicular diameters for all measurable lesions for at least 4 weeks, no progression of nonmeasureable disease, no new lesions, and stable or improved nonenhancing (T2/FLAIR) lesions. Patient must be on a corticosteroid dose not greater than the dose at the time of baseline scan and be stable or improving clinically.	Up to approx. 3.2 years and up to approx. 4.8 years
Secondary	HGG Cohort: Kaplan-Meier Estimates of Duration of Response (DOR) as Per Investigator Assessment Using RANO Criteria	Time from first documented response (PR or CR) until disease progression or death as per investigator assessment using RANO criteria. CIs were estimated using the Brookmeyer Crowley method. Patients who had not progressed or died or had received further anticancer therapy were censored at the date of the last adequate tumor evaluation.; CR: Complete disappearance of all enhancing measurable and nonmeasurable disease sustained for at least 4 weeks; no new lesions; and stable or improved nonenhancing (T2/FLAIR) lesions. Patient must be off steroids or only on physiologic replacement doses.; PR: = 50% reduction, compared to baseline, in the sum of products of the perpendicular diameters for all measurable lesions for at least 4 weeks, no progression of nonmeasureable disease, no new lesions, and stable or improved nonenhancing (T2/FLAIR) lesions. Patient must be on a corticosteroid dose not greater than the dose at the time of baseline scan and be stable or improving clinically.	Up to approx. 3.2 years and up to approx. 4.8 years
Secondary	HGG Cohort: Kaplan-Meier Estimates of Progression Free Survival (PFS) as Per Central Independent Assessment Using RANO Criteria	Time from the date of first dose of study treatment to the date of first documented disease progression as per central independent review assessment using RANO criteria or death due to any cause. Confidence Intervals were estimated using the Brookmeyer Crowley method. Patients who had not progressed or died or had received further anticancer therapy were censored at the date of the last adequate tumor evaluation.	Up to approx. 4.8 years
Secondary	HGG Cohort: Kaplan-Meier Estimates of Progression Free Survival (PFS) as Per Investigatort Assessment Using RANO Criteria	Time from the date of first dose of study treatment to the date of first documented disease progression as per investigator assessment using RANO criteria or death due to any cause. Confidence Intervals were estimated using the Brookmeyer Crowley method. Patients who had not progressed or died or had received further anticancer therapy were censored at the date of the last adequate tumor evaluation.	Up to approx. 4.8 years
Secondary	HGG Cohort: Time to Response (TTR) as Per Central Independent Assessment Using RANO Criteria	Time from start of treatment to first documented response of CR or PR as per independent assessment using RANO criteria. CIs were estimated using the Brookmeyer Crowley method. Patients without an event were censored either at the maximum follow-up time (if they experienced disease progression or death), or at their last tumor assessment date.; CR: Complete disappearance of all enhancing measurable and nonmeasurable disease sustained for at least 4 weeks; no new lesions; and stable or improved nonenhancing (T2/FLAIR) lesions. Patient must be off steroids or only on physiologic replacement doses.; PR: = 50% reduction, compared to baseline, in the sum of products of the perpendicular diameters for all measurable lesions for at least 4 weeks, no progression of nonmeasureable disease, no new lesions, and stable or improved nonenhancing (T2/FLAIR) lesions. Patient must be on a corticosteroid dose not greater than the dose at the time of baseline scan and be stable or improving clinically.	Up to approx. 4.8 years
Secondary	HGG Cohort: Time to Response (TTR) as Per Investigator Assessment Using RANO Criteria	Time from start of treatment to first documented response of CR or PR as per investigator assessment using RANO criteria. CIs were estimated using the Brookmeyer Crowley method. Patients without an event were censored either at the maximum follow-up time (if they experienced disease progression or death), or at their last tumor assessment date.; CR: Complete disappearance of all enhancing measurable and nonmeasurable disease sustained for at least 4 weeks; no new lesions; and stable or improved nonenhancing (T2/FLAIR) lesions. Patient must be off steroids or only on physiologic replacement doses.; PR: = 50% reduction, compared to baseline, in the sum of products of the perpendicular diameters for all measurable lesions for at least 4 weeks, no progression of nonmeasureable disease, no new lesions, and stable or improved nonenhancing (T2/FLAIR) lesions. Patient must be on a corticosteroid dose not greater than the dose at the time of baseline scan and be stable or improving clinically.	Up to approx. 4.8 years
Secondary	HGG Cohort: Clinical Benefit Rate (CBR) as Per Central Independent Assessment Using RANO Criteria	Percentage of participants with a best overall response of CR or PR, or stable disease (SD) which lasts for 24 weeks or longer.; CR: Complete disappearance of all enhancing measurable and nonmeasurable disease sustained for at least 4 weeks; no new lesions; and stable or improved nonenhancing (T2/FLAIR) lesions. Patient must be off steroids or only on physiologic replacement doses.; PR: = 50% reduction, compared to baseline, in the sum of products of the perpendicular diameters for all measurable lesions for at least 4 weeks, no progression of nonmeasureable disease, no new lesions, and stable or improved nonenhancing (T2/FLAIR) lesions. Patient must be on a corticosteroid dose not greater than the dose at the time of baseline scan and be stable or improving clinically.; SD: Partient did not qualify for CR, PR, or progressive disease and has stable nonenhancing (T2/FLAIR) lesions on same or lower doses of corticosteroids compared with baseline scan and clinically stable status.	Up to approx. 4.8 years
Secondary	HGG Cohort: Clinical Benefit Rate (CBR) as Per Investigator Assessment Using RANO Criteria	Percentage of participants with a best overall response of CR or PR, or stable disease (SD) which lasts for 24 weeks or longer.; CR: Complete disappearance of all enhancing measurable and nonmeasurable disease sustained for at least 4 weeks; no new lesions; and stable or improved nonenhancing (T2/FLAIR) lesions. Patient must be off steroids or only on physiologic replacement doses.; PR: = 50% reduction, compared to baseline, in the sum of products of the perpendicular diameters for all measurable lesions for at least 4 weeks, no progression of nonmeasureable disease, no new lesions, and stable or improved nonenhancing (T2/FLAIR) lesions. Patient must be on a corticosteroid dose not greater than the dose at the time of baseline scan and be stable or improving clinically.; SD: Partient did not qualify for CR, PR, or progressive disease and has stable nonenhancing (T2/FLAIR) lesions on same or lower doses of corticosteroids compared with baseline scan and clinically stable status.	Up to approx. 4.8 years
Secondary	HGG Cohort: Kaplan-Meier Estimates of Overall Survival (OS)	Time from first dose to death due to any cause in the LGG cohort. Confidence Intervals were estimated using the Brookmeyer Crowley method. If a patient was not known to have died at the time of analysis cut-off, OS was censored at the date of last contact.	Up to 5.1 years
Secondary	AUClast for Trametinib	Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters were calculated by standard non-compartmental analysis. AUClast is the area under the curve (AUC) from time zero to the last measurable concentration sampling time (tlast).	Week 3 Day 1 pre-dose and 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hours post-dose
Secondary	Cmax for Trametinib	PK parameters were calculated by standard non-compartmental analysis. Cmax is the maximum plasma drug concentration after single dose administration	Week 3 Day 1 pre-dose and 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hours post-dose
Secondary	AUCtau for Trametinib	PK parameters were calculated by standard non-compartmental analysis. AUCtau is the AUC calculated to the end of a dosing interval (tau) at steady-state	Week 3 Day 1 pre-dose and 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hours post-dose
Secondary	Tmax for Trametinib	PK parameters were calculated by standard non-compartmental analysis. Tmax is the time to reach maximum plasma concentration. Actual recorded sampling times were considered for the calculations.	Week 3 Day 1 pre-dose and 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hours post-dose
Secondary	T1/2 for Trametinib	PK parameters were calculated by standard non-compartmental analysis. T1/2 is the elimination half-life	Week 3 Day 1 pre-dose and 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hours post-dose
Secondary	Ctrough for Trametinib	PK parameters were calculated by standard non-compartmental analysis. Ctrough is the pre-dose plasma concentration	Week 3 Day 1 pre-dose
Secondary	AUClast for Dabrafenib and Its Metabolites (Carboxy-dabrafenib, Desmethyl-dabrafenib Amd Hydroxy-dabrafenib)	PK parameters were calculated by standard non-compartmental analysis. AUClast is the area under the curve (AUC) from time zero to the last measurable concentration sampling time (tlast).	Week 3 Day 1 pre-dose and 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hours post-dose
Secondary	Cmax for Dabrafenib and Its Metabolites (Carboxy-dabrafenib, Desmethyl-dabrafenib Amd Hydroxy-dabrafenib)	PK parameters were calculated by standard non-compartmental analysis. Cmax is the maximum plasma drug concentration after single dose administration	Week 3 Day 1 pre-dose and 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hours post-dose
Secondary	AUCtau for Dabrafenib and Its Metabolites (Carboxy-dabrafenib, Desmethyl-dabrafenib Amd Hydroxy-dabrafenib)	PK parameters were calculated by standard non-compartmental analysis. AUCtau is the AUC calculated to the end of a dosing interval (tau) at steady-state	Week 3 Day 1 pre-dose and 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hours post-dose
Secondary	Tmax for Dabrafenib and Its Metabolites (Carboxy-dabrafenib, Desmethyl-dabrafenib Amd Hydroxy-dabrafenib)	PK parameters were calculated by standard non-compartmental analysis. Tmax is the time to reach maximum plasma concentration. Actual recorded sampling times were considered for the calculations.	Week 3 Day 1 pre-dose and 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hours post-dose
Secondary	T1/2 for Dabrafenib and Its Metabolites (Carboxy-dabrafenib, Desmethyl-dabrafenib Amd Hydroxy-dabrafenib)	PK parameters were calculated by standard non-compartmental analysis. T1/2 is the elimination half-life	Week 3 Day 1 pre-dose and 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hours post-dose
Secondary	Ctrough for Dabrafenib and Its Metabolites (Carboxy-dabrafenib, Desmethyl-dabrafenib Amd Hydroxy-dabrafenib)	PK parameters were calculated by standard non-compartmental analysis. Ctrough is the pre-dose plasma concentration	Week 3 Day 1 pre-dose
Secondary	HGG and LGG Cohort: Palatability of Dabrafenib Oral Suspension Based on the Palatability Questionnaire Item: Taste of the Medication Before Rinsing the Mouth	Participants who received the dabrafenib dispersible tablets for oral suspension completed a questionnaire to evaluate the palatability of the pediatric formulation. After taking the medication, participants provided feedback on how it tasted before rinsing with water, rating their experience as very good, good, neither good nor bad, bad or very bad. The ratings of very good, good, and neither good nor bad were grouped together for reporting purposes.	Week 1 and Week 5
Secondary	HGG and LGG Cohort: Palatability of Trametinib Oral Solution Based on the Palatability Questionnaire Item: Taste of the Medication Before Rinsing the Mouth	Participants who received the trametinib oral solution completed a questionnaire to evaluate the palatability of the pediatric formulation. After taking the medication, participants provided feedback on how it tasted before rinsing with water, rating their experience as very good, good, neither good nor bad, bad or very bad. The ratings of very good, good, and neither good nor bad were grouped together for reporting purposes.	Week 1 and Week 5
Secondary	HGG and LGG Cohort: Palatability of Dabrafenib Oral Suspension Based on the Palatability Assessment: After- Taste Once the Medication Was Swallowed	Participants who received the dabrafenib dispersible tablets for oral suspension completed a questionnaire to evaluate the palatability of the pediatric formulation. After taking the medication, participants provided feedback on the after-taste of the medication after the medication was swallowed, rating their experience as very good, good, neither good nor bad, bad or very bad. The ratings of very good, good, and neither good nor bad were grouped together for reporting purposes.	Week 1 and Week 5
Secondary	HGG and LGG Cohort: Palatability of Trametinib Oral Solution Based on the Palatability Assessment: After- Taste Once the Medication Was Swallowed	Participants who received the trametinib oral solution completed a questionnaire to evaluate the palatability of the pediatric formulation. After taking the medication, participants provided feedback on the after-taste of the medication after the medication was swallowed, rating their experience as very good, good, neither good nor bad, bad or very bad. The ratings of very good, good, and neither good nor bad were grouped together for reporting purposes.	Week 1 and Week 5
Secondary	HGG and LGG Cohort: Palatability of Dabrafenib Oral Suspension Based on the Palatability Questionnaire Item: Immediate Reaction Once the Medication Was Placed Into the Mouth	Participants who received the dabrafenib dispersible tablets for oral suspension completed a questionnaire to evaluate the palatability of the pediatric formulation. After taking the medication, participants provided feedback on the immediate reaction once the medication was placed into their mouth, rating their experience as very good, good, neither good nor bad, bad or very bad. The ratings of very good, good, and neither good nor bad were grouped together for reporting purposes.	Week 1 and Week 5
Secondary	HGG and LGG Cohort: Palatability of Trametinib Oral Solution Based on the Palatability Assessment: Immediate Reaction Once the Medication Was Placed Into the Mouth	Participants who received the trametinib oral solution completed a questionnaire to evaluate the palatability of the pediatric formulation. After taking the medication, participants provided feedback on the immediate reaction once the medication was placed into their mouth, rating their experience as very good, good, neither good nor bad, bad or very bad. The ratings of very good, good, and neither good nor bad were grouped together for reporting purposes.	Week 1 and Week 5
Secondary	HGG and LGG Cohort: Palatability of Dabrafenib Oral Suspension Based on the Palatability Questionnaire Item: Remaining After-taste Once Rinsing the Mouth With Water	Participants who received the dabrafenib dispersible tablets for oral suspension completed a questionnaire to evaluate the palatability of the pediatric formulation. After taking the medication, participants provided feedback on the after-taste of the medication after rinsing with water, rating their experience as very good, good, neither good nor bad, bad or very bad. The ratings of very good, good, and neither good nor bad were grouped together for reporting purposes.	Week 1 and Week 5
Secondary	HGG and LGG Cohort: Palatability of Trametinib Oral Solution Based on the Palatability Assessment: Remaining After-taste Once Rinsing the Mouth With Water	Participants who received the trametinib oral solution completed a questionnaire to evaluate the palatability of the pediatric formulation. After taking the medication, participants provided feedback on the after-taste of the medication after rinsing with water, rating their experience as very good, good, neither good nor bad, bad or very bad. The ratings of very good, good, and neither good nor bad were grouped together for reporting purposes.	Week 1 and Week 5
Secondary	LGG Cohort: PROMIS Parent Proxy Global Health 7+2 Scores- Global Health Score	The PROMIS Parent Proxy Global Health 7+2 was used to evaluate the quality of life of participants. The questionnaire included 7 items measuring the global health of the patient. 4 items used a 5-level Likert scale with 1=poor and 5=excellent; 1 item used a 5-level Likert scale with 1=never and 5=always; and 2 items used a 5-level Likert scale with 1=never and 5=almost always. The total raw global health score, ranging from 7 to 35, was computed by summing item values, with higher scores indicating better overall well-being. Raw scores were then transformed into T-scores, standardized with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10. Higher T-scores reflected better global health status.; Participants who discontinued treatment for reasons other than disease progression entered the post-treatment efficacy follow-up phase, where the questionnaire was performed every 16 weeks until disease progression, withdrawal of consent by patient or a parental/legal guardian, or lost to follow-up.	Baseline, and Day 1 of Week 5, 8, 16, 24, 32, 49, 48 and 56, and thereafter every 16 weeks until end of treatment (EOT), EOT, and every 16 weeks in the post-treatment efficacy follow-up phase until disease progression (assessed up to 4.6 years)
Secondary	LGG Cohort: PROMIS Parent Proxy Global Health 7+2 Scores- Pain Score	The PROMIS Parent Proxy Global Health 7+2 was used to evaluate the quality of life of participants. The questionnaire included 1 item measuring the pain of the participants. Pain item used a 5-level Likert scale with 1= never and 5= almost always, higher scores indicate worsening pain. Raw scores were then converted into T-scores, standardized with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10. Higher T-scores indicated more severe pain experiences.; Participants who discontinued treatment for reasons other than disease progression entered the post-treatment efficacy follow-up phase, where the PROMIS Parent Proxy Global 7+2 Health questionnaire was performed every 16 weeks until disease progression, withdrawal of consent by patient or a parental/legal guardian, or lost to follow-up.	Baseline, and Day 1 of Week 5, 8, 16, 24, 32, 49, 48 and 56, and thereafter every 16 weeks until end of treatment (EOT), EOT, and every 16 weeks in the post-treatment efficacy follow-up phase until disease progression (assessed up to 4.6 years)
Secondary	LGG Cohort: PROMIS Parent Proxy Global Health 7+2 Scores- Fatigue Score	The PROMIS Parent Proxy Global Health 7+2 was used to evaluate the quality of life of participants. The questionnaire included 1 item measuring the fatigue interference of the participants. Fatigue item used a 5-level Likert scale with 1= never and 5= almost always, higher scores indicate worsening fatigue. Raw scores were then converted into T-scores, standardized with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10. Higher T-scores indicated a greater level of reported fatigue.; Participants who discontinued treatment for reasons other than disease progression entered the post-treatment efficacy follow-up phase, where the PROMIS Parent Proxy Global 7+2 Health questionnaire was performed every 16 weeks until disease progression, withdrawal of consent by patient or a parental/legal guardian, or lost to follow-up.	Baseline, and Day 1 of Week 5, 8, 16, 24, 32, 49, 48 and 56, and thereafter every 16 weeks until end of treatment (EOT), EOT, and every 16 weeks in the post-treatment efficacy follow-up phase until disease progression (assessed up to 4.6 years)