Outcome
Type |
Measure |
Description |
Time frame |
Safety issue |
Primary |
Calculation of Margins of Stability (MoS) in anterior-posterior direction at foot contact |
Difference between base of support and interpolated center of mass (mm), based on 3D motion capture. |
Once during visit 1 |
|
Primary |
Step length at baseline, before (Pre) and after (Recovery step 1-10) perturbation |
|
Once during visit 1 |
|
Secondary |
Step width at foot contact of baseline, before (Pre) and Recovery steps 1-10 |
|
Once during visit 1 |
|
Secondary |
Calculation of Margin of stability medial-lateral direction at foot contact of baseline, before (Pre) and Recovery steps 1-10 |
Difference between base of support and interpolated center of mass (mm), based on 3D motion capture. |
Once during visit 1 |
|
Secondary |
Maximal trunk velocity during gait cycle at of baseline, before (Pre) and Recovery steps 1-10 to detect fast trunk movement to gain balance |
Optical markers are placed on the upper body of the subjects and will be used for calculation (distance over time) of the trunk velocity. |
Once during visit 1 |
|
Secondary |
3D kinematic gait profiles to analyze detailed movement patterns/strategies |
The optical markers are placed according to the Plug-in gait marker set in Vicon Nexus (motion capture system). Hip, knee, ankle and trunk angles are calculated from this marker set. |
Once during visit 1 |
|
Secondary |
EMG analysis to detect reaction time and activity patterns of different leg muscles |
|
Once during visit 1 |
|
Secondary |
Questionnaire regarding the incidence of falls in the last six months |
Contains questions how often und the reason why the subject falls |
Once during visit 1 |
|
Secondary |
Activities specific Balance Confidence scale (ABC scale) |
Contains 16 questions rating the balance confidence between 0-100%. 100% means absolutely confident in doing some activity |
Once during visit 1 |
|
Secondary |
Questionnaire regarding the perceived intensities of the three perturbation algorithms |
Judging the three pertubation algorithms according to their intensity, inconvenience and how realistic the slipping felt. Scale ranges from 0-10, whereas 10 is the most intense |
Once during visit 1 |
|
Secondary |
Functional Gait Assessment (FGA) as a clinical balance test |
Assess the dynamic stability during different walking tasks. In total, 30 points are possible, at 22 points is the cut off score to classify the fall risk in older adults in predicting falls. |
Once during visit 1 |
|
Secondary |
A set of kinematic parameters |
Measurement of hip, knee, ankle and spine angles during walking in degrees (°). |
Once during visit 1 |
|
Secondary |
A set of kinetic parameters |
Ground reaction forces measured by force plates in Newton (N). |
Once during visit 1 |
|
Secondary |
A set of spatiotemporal parameters |
Stance time, double stance time in seconds (s). |
Once during visit 1 |
|