Flexibility Clinical Trial
Official title:
Acute Effects of Foam Rolling on Viscoelastic Tissue Properties and Fascial Sliding: A Randomized, Controlled Crossover Trial
Treatment or training of fascial tissues has moved into the focus of medical research in the
last decade. In this context, the use of foam rollers or roller massagers for
self-myofascial-release (SMR) techniques has become increasingly popular in health and
fitness professionals. The primary objective of these techniques is to mimic manual massage
or myofascial-release therapy with a self-usable tool. Recent studies suggest that SMR
improves, inter alia, range of motion (ROM) without a decrease in neuromuscular performance
(Cheatham et al. 2015).
Concurrent effects on the muscle and especially the surrounding connective tissue network
have been proposed as underlying mechanisms for these observed changes in ROM after SMR.
Several authors assume a positive effect of SMR on sliding properties of different
independent fascial layers. Also, changes in passive tissue stiffness is suggested. Passive
stiffness is thereby characterized by passive resistance in the tissues' (muscles')
functional direction, the passive resistive torque (PRT).
In conclusion, for many of the proclaimed effects of SMR, such as improvements of sliding of
fascial layers or decreases of passive stiffness, there is a lack of evidence in the
literature. Therefore, the aim of the study is to evaluate acute effects of SMR on the
viscoelastic properties of the muscles on the anterior thigh and the corresponding fascia.
In a cross over design, 16 subjects receive all of the following interventions after a
familiarization session: a) 2x60 seconds of SMR at the anterior thigh, b) 2x60 seconds of
static stretching at the anterior thigh, c) no intervention in a balanced permutated
randomization sequence. Before and directly after each intervention, outcome parameters are
collected.
Passive Resistive Torque is evaluated using a computerized isokinetic dynamometer. In passive
mode, the lower leg is moved from full knee extension (0°) to the point of maximal knee
flexion with a velocity of 5°/s. Torque and angle are recorded at 100 Hertz (Hz). Sliding of
fascial layers is quantified with a frame-by-frame cross correlation algorithm of
high-resolution ultrasound images (Dilley et al. 2001).
First stretch sensation is quantified using the passive mode in the isokinetic dynamometer.
Maximal ROM is detected using a an ultrasonographic movement analysis system in a prone
position.
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