Emergencies — Video-instructed First Aid in Emergency Medical Call Centers
Citation(s)
Bakke HK, Steinvik T, Eidissen SI, Gilbert M, Wisborg T Bystander first aid in trauma - prevalence and quality: a prospective observational study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2015 Oct;59(9):1187-93. doi: 10.1111/aas.12561. Epub 2015 Jun 19.
Bakke HK, Steinvik T, Ruud H, Wisborg T Effect and accuracy of emergency dispatch telephone guidance to bystanders in trauma: post-hoc analysis of a prospective observational study. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2017 Mar 7;25(1):27. doi: 10.1186/s13049-016-0343-z.
Bolle SR, Hasvold P, Henriksen E Video calls from lay bystanders to dispatch centers - risk assessment of information security. BMC Health Serv Res. 2011 Sep 30;11:244. doi: 10.1186/1472-6963-11-244.
Ecker H, Wingen S, Hamacher S, Lindacher F, Bottiger BW, Wetsch WA Evaluation Of CPR Quality Via Smartphone With A Video Livestream - A Study In A Metropolitan Area. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2021 Jan-Feb;25(1):76-81. doi: 10.1080/10903127.2020.1734122. Epub 2020 Mar 20.
Lee JS, Jeon WC, Ahn JH, Cho YJ, Jung YS, Kim GW The effect of a cellular-phone video demonstration to improve the quality of dispatcher-assisted chest compression-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation as compared with audio coaching. Resuscitation. 2011 Jan;82(1):64-8. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.09.467. Epub 2010 Oct 30.
Lin YY, Chiang WC, Hsieh MJ, Sun JT, Chang YC, Ma MH Quality of audio-assisted versus video-assisted dispatcher-instructed bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Resuscitation. 2018 Feb;123:77-85. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2017.12.010. Epub 2017 Dec 12.
Melbye S, Hotvedt M, Bolle SR Mobile videoconferencing for enhanced emergency medical communication - a shot in the dark or a walk in the park? -- A simulation study. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2014 Jun 2;22:35. doi: 10.1186/1757-7241-22-35.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
