Elderly Women Clinical Trial
Official title:
Effects of Two Water-based Aerobic Training Programs on Cardiorespiratory and Neuromuscular Parameters in Elderly Women: a Randomized Controlled Trial
The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of two water based aerobic training
programs on cardiorespiratory, neuromuscular and quality of life parameters in old women.
Volunteer old women age range: 60-75 years old, will participate to this study, and will
randomly divided into two groups: continuous aerobic training group and interval aerobic
training group.
Both group subjects will participate in two-week training sessions during 12 weeks.
Independent of the group, participants will perform three water-based exercises: stationary
running, frontal kick and cross-country skiing. The intensity of aerobic exercise will be
based Rating Perceived Exertion (RPE). Along the training, the intensity of aerobic exercise
will increase in both groups. Before and after intervention, there will be evaluation of
muscle quality, muscle thickness, peak oxygen uptake and oxygen uptake at ventilatory
threshold, maximal isometric and dynamic strength of knee extensors, maximal and submaximal
isometric eletromiografy (EMG) activity of vastus lateralis and rectus femoris, muscle
endurance, performance in functional tests and assessment of the perception of quality of
life.
Data will be analyzed by Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) and Bonferroni's post-hoc
test (α=0.05), including both protocol and intention to treat analyses (α=0,05).
Aging is associated with impairment in cardiorespiratory fitness, strength performance and
muscle mass decrease, which affects the functional capacity of older adults directly.
Consequently carrying out routine activities can be harmed. However regular exercise practice
points out as an efficient tool to mitigate factors associated with aging.
Therefore, carrying out water-based exercises has been widely suggested for older adults due
to their advantages, such as low impact on lower limbs and lower cardiovascular load.
The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of two water based aerobic training
programs on cardiorespiratory, neuromuscular and quality of life parameters in old women.
Volunteer old women age range: 60-75 years old, will participate to this study, and will
randomly divided into two groups: continuous aerobic training group and interval aerobic
training group.
Both group subjects will participate in two-week training sessions during 12 weeks.
Independent of the group, participants will perform three water-based exercises: stationary
running, frontal kick and cross-country skiing. The intensity of aerobic exerecise will be
based Rating Perceived Exertion (RPE). Along the training, the intensity of aerobic exercise
will increase.
Participants who will be randomized for the continuous aerobic training group will carry out
exercises with no interval for exercise change. Intensity will be increased every mesocycle.
In the first mesocycle (weeks 1-4), participants will carry out three 4-minute series of each
exercise whose intensity corresponds to the Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) 13. In the
second mesocycle (weeks 5-8), participants will perform four 3-minute series of each exercise
corresponding to RPE 14. In the third mesocycle, participants will perform six 2-minute
series of each exercise at intensity corresponding to RPE 15 from weeks 9-10, whereas
intensity corresponding to RPE 16 will be experienced from weeks 11-12.
Participants who will be randomized for interval aerobic training group will carry out
exercises which associate effort phases, at higher intensity and recovery phases, at lower
intensity, with no interval for exercise change. Intensity will be increased every mesocycle.
The first mesocycle (weeks 1-4) comprises three 4-minute series of each exercise whose
intensity corresponds to the RPE 16 for 2 minutes and RPE 11 for 2 minutes. The second
mesocycle (weeks 5-8) includes four 3-minute series of each exercise whose intensity
corresponds to the RPE 17 for 1.5 minutes and RPE 11 for 2 minutes. The third mesocycle
(weeks 9-12) comprises six 2-minute series of each exercise whose intensity corresponds to
the RPE 18 for 1 minute and RPE 11 for 1 minute.
Before and after intervention, there will be evaluation of muscle quality, muscle thickness,
peak oxygen uptake and oxygen uptake at ventilatory threshold, maximal isometric and dynamic
strength of knee extensors, maximal and submaximal isometric eletromiografy (EMG) activity of
vastus lateralis and rectus femoris, muscle endurance, performance in functional tests and
assessment of the perception of quality of life.
Data will be analyzed by Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) and Bonferroni's post-hoc
test (α=0.05), including both protocol and intention to treat analyses (α=0,05).
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