Education, Medical — Bias Reduction in Academic Recruitment
Citation(s)
Balhara KS, Weygandt PL, Ehmann MR, Regan L Navigating Bias on Interview Day: Strategies for Charting an Inclusive and Equitable Course. J Grad Med Educ. 2021 Aug;13(4):466-470. doi: 10.4300/JGME-D-21-00001.1. Epub 2021 Aug 13. No abstract available.
DeSantis M, Marco CA Emergency medicine residency selection: factors influencing candidate decisions. Acad Emerg Med. 2005 Jun;12(6):559-61. doi: 10.1197/j.aem.2005.01.006.
Hughes RH, Kleinschmidt S, Sheng AY Using structured interviews to reduce bias in emergency medicine residency recruitment: Worth a second look. AEM Educ Train. 2021 Sep 1;5(Suppl 1):S130-S134. doi: 10.1002/aet2.10562. eCollection 2021 Sep. No abstract available.
Jordan J, Sternberg K, Haas MRC, He S, Yarris LM, Chan TM, Deiorio NM Reimagining Residency Selection: Part 3-A Practical Guide to Ranking Applicants in the Post-COVID-19 Era. J Grad Med Educ. 2020 Dec;12(6):666-670. doi: 10.4300/JGME-D-20-01087.1. Epub 2020 Dec 18. No abstract available.
Kiraly L, Dewey E, Brasel K Hawks and Doves: Adjusting for Bias in Residency Interview Scoring. J Surg Educ. 2020 Nov-Dec;77(6):e132-e137. doi: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2020.08.013. Epub 2020 Aug 27.
Smilen SW, Funai EF, Bianco AT Residency selection: should interviewers be given applicants' board scores? Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2001 Feb;184(3):508-13. doi: 10.1067/mob.2001.109868.
Williams AL, Blomkalns AL, Gibler WB Residency training in emergency medicine: the challenges of the 21st century. Keio J Med. 2004 Dec;53(4):203-9. doi: 10.2302/kjm.53.203.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
