Echocardiography Clinical Trial
Official title:
Echocardiographic Changes After Oral Intake of 3-hydroxy Butyrate+Whey in a Human Endotoxemia Model
This study evaluates the cardiovascular effects of adding the ketone body 3-hydroxy butyrate
(3-OHB) to whey protein during human endotoxemia. Further, this study compares cardiovascular
changes during healthy and catabolic conditions.
Participants will receive isocaloric, isonitrogenous beverages of either whey or 3-OHB+whey
in a randomized crossover design during either healthy (overnight fast) or catabolic
conditions (inflammation/endotoxemia + 36 h fast and bed rest).
Background: A newly published study found beneficial cardiovascular effects of 3-OHB infusion
in a population with chronic heart failure, significantly increasing cardiac output. Similar
effects on cardiac output were observed in healthy volunteers. These findings pave the way
for 3-OHB as a therapeutic nutritional supplement, since it is well-absorbed during oral
consumption. However, it is unknown whether the cardiovascular effects of 3-OHB persist
during a sepsis-like catabolic state and when administered orally.
Aim: This study aims to investigate the cardiovascular effects of adding the ketone body
3-hydroxy butyrate (3-OHB) to whey protein during a human disease model, comprising
endotoxemia + bed rest + fast.
Hypothesis:
1. Adding the ketone body 3-OHB to an oral protein supplement increases cardiac output
measures
2. Catabolic stress (endotoxemia/inflammation + 36 h fast and bed rest) induces
cardiovascular changes compared with healthy conditions (overnight fast)
Interventions:
In a randomized crossover design, eight healthy, lean, young men will undergo either:
i) Healthy conditions (overnight fast) + whey protein^
ii) Catabolic conditions (Inflammation (LPS) + 36-hour fast and bed rest*) + whey
protein^
iii) Catabolic conditions (Inflammation (LPS) + 36-hour fast and bed rest*) + 3-OHB/whey
protein^"
*LPS will be administered (1 ng/kg) the day prior to the study together with fast and
bed rest. On the study day LPS (0.5 ng/kg) will be injected.
^Beverages will be isonitrogenous and isocaloric (fat will be added) with 45 g whey
protein + 20 g maltodextrin. Bolus/sip administration will be applied (1/3 bolus, 1/2
sip)
" 50 grams of 3-OHB will be orally administered (1/2 bolus, 1/2 sip)
;
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