Sleep/Wake Protocol Implementation to Improve Sleep Quality in the ICU

Delirium Clinical Trial

Official title:

Sleep/Wake Protocol Implementation to Improve Sleep Quality and Reduce Delirium in a Surgical and Cardiovascular Intensive Care Unit

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT03313115
• Other study ID #: 104449
• Status: Completed
• Start date: October 11, 2017
• Est. completion date: March 14, 2018

Study information

• Verified date: February 2020
• Source: University of Utah
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Observational

Clinical Trial Summary

The purpose of this study is to analyze a multi-component sleep/wake protocol for optimization of environmental factors (noise, light, nursing activities) as well as non-environmental factors (pain, mechanical support devices, procedures) to improve quality of sleep and decrease incidence of ICU delirium in the Cardiovascular and Surgical ICU (CVICU/SICU).

Description:

Fifty-percent of ICU patient sleep hours occur during the day in short bouts which decreases overall sleep quality. Approximately 47-87% of critically ill patients in the ICU experience an episode of delirium, which can result in changes in cognition, longer hospital stay, and physiologic consequences. Research suggests that both patients and staff members can identify environmental factors, such as noise, light, and nursing activities, as well as non-environmental factors such as mechanical devices, procedures, and medications as contributing factors to lack of sleep. However, both nursing staff and providers may underestimate the intensity of the perceived noise in the ICU. This includes those frequent nighttime interruptions, of environmental and non-environmental origins, which can cause fragmented sleep. Providers and nurses are aware of the factors contributing to sleep deprivation, but they may "lower prioritization of patient sleep [as a] tradeoff [for] current standard of care."

Studies have shown that sleep deprivation in critically ill patients can lead to changes in patient cognition, increased hospital and ICU length of stay, and physiologic consequences. These consequences are influenced from patient clinical status as well as modifiable risk factors. One study identified that barriers to the optimization of sleep include patient disease severity, mechanical ventilation, sedation, noise, light, and nurse-patient interaction. It identified a possible association between lack of sleep and cognition with additional consequences of longer mechanical ventilator time, and cardiovascular, pulmonary, and immune system dysfunctions.

Implementation of a protocol directed at optimizing environmental and non-environmental factors has been shown to improve patients' perceived and actual quality of sleep as well as a reduction in ICU delirium.

Another study studied sleep and delirium in a medical ICU after implementation of sleep-promoting interventions. Interventions aimed at reducing light, noise, nursing interruptions, and sedating medications were applied in a three-part process. Patients were surveyed using the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire and delirium was measured by delirium/coma-free days. Post-interventions resulted in an increase in delirium/coma-free days and an improvement in the amount of perceived noise.

One research group implemented a similar bundle that was aimed at improvement of sleep and delirium in both medical and surgical ICU patients. Their efforts were directed towards reduction in environmental factors as well as avoidance of sedating medications and long mechanical ventilator times. The Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire was used to survey patients on quality of sleep and the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU was measured daily for incidence of delirium. They found that patients' perceived quality of sleep increased with decreased daytime sleepiness as well as reductions in noise, light, and nursing interventions. Furthermore, they found that implementation of this bundle led to a decrease in length of delirium.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 685
• Est. completion date: March 14, 2018
• Est. primary completion date: March 14, 2018
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age 18 or older

• Admitted to the cardiovascular or surgical ICU

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patient acuity does not allow nighttime activities to be grouped (i.e., patient requires frequent bedside care throughout the night, as evaluated by registered nurse)

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Delirium
• Sleep Deprivation

Intervention

Behavioral:
• Sleep/Wake Protocol
Day RN observes if completed per pt: no caffeine after 3 pm, encourage activities to prevent napping (chart % day spent napping), Lights on blinds/door open, Reasonable effort for some noise in room, Eye glasses hearing aids applied, Chair position/mobility at least 2x30 minutes. Night RN observe if completed per pt: Appropriate pain control, Optimize room temp, Warm bath before 2200, TV off by 2200, Prevent extra alarms after 2200, Close room curtain by 2200, Dim room lights by 2200, Family out by 2200, Door half/fully closed after 2200, # RN interruptions after 2200, Offer eye mask/ear plugs, Meds administered for sleep (dilaudid, fentanyl oxycodone, haldol, quetiapine, propofol, melatonin, or other), Dim hallway lights by 2200, Nurses station quiet

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
United States	University of Utah	Salt Lake City	Utah

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
University of Utah

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

References & Publications (13)

Beltrami FG, Nguyen XL, Pichereau C, Maury E, Fleury B, Fagondes S. Sleep in the intensive care unit. J Bras Pneumol. 2015 Nov-Dec;41(6):539-46. doi: 10.1590/S1806-37562015000000056. — View Citation

Bihari S, Doug McEvoy R, Matheson E, Kim S, Woodman RJ, Bersten AD. Factors affecting sleep quality of patients in intensive care unit. J Clin Sleep Med. 2012 Jun 15;8(3):301-7. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.1920. — View Citation

Cavallazzi R, Saad M, Marik PE. Delirium in the ICU: an overview. Ann Intensive Care. 2012 Dec 27;2(1):49. doi: 10.1186/2110-5820-2-49. — View Citation

Giusti GD, Tuteri D, Giontella M. Nursing Interactions With Intensive Care Unit Patients Affected by Sleep Deprivation: An Observational Study. Dimens Crit Care Nurs. 2016 May-Jun;35(3):154-9. doi: 10.1097/DCC.0000000000000177. — View Citation

Hata RK, Han L, Slade J, Miyahira A, Passion C, Ghows M, Izumi K, Yu M. Promoting sleep in the adult surgical intensive care unit patients to prevent delirium. Nurs Clin North Am. 2014 Sep;49(3):383-97. doi: 10.1016/j.cnur.2014.05.012. — View Citation

Hopper K, Fried TR, Pisani MA. Health care worker attitudes and identified barriers to patient sleep in the medical intensive care unit. Heart Lung. 2015 Mar-Apr;44(2):95-9. doi: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2015.01.011. Epub 2015 Feb 14. — View Citation

Kamdar BB, King LM, Collop NA, Sakamuri S, Colantuoni E, Neufeld KJ, Bienvenu OJ, Rowden AM, Touradji P, Brower RG, Needham DM. The effect of a quality improvement intervention on perceived sleep quality and cognition in a medical ICU. Crit Care Med. 2013 Mar;41(3):800-9. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3182746442. — View Citation

Kamdar BB, Needham DM, Collop NA. Sleep deprivation in critical illness: its role in physical and psychological recovery. J Intensive Care Med. 2012 Mar-Apr;27(2):97-111. doi: 10.1177/0885066610394322. Epub 2011 Jan 10. — View Citation

Patel J, Baldwin J, Bunting P, Laha S. The effect of a multicomponent multidisciplinary bundle of interventions on sleep and delirium in medical and surgical intensive care patients. Anaesthesia. 2014 Jun;69(6):540-9. doi: 10.1111/anae.12638. — View Citation

Pulak LM, Jensen L. Sleep in the Intensive Care Unit: A Review. J Intensive Care Med. 2016 Jan;31(1):14-23. doi: 10.1177/0885066614538749. Epub 2014 Jun 10. — View Citation

Ritmala-Castren M, Virtanen I, Leivo S, Kaukonen KM, Leino-Kilpi H. Sleep and nursing care activities in an intensive care unit. Nurs Health Sci. 2015 Sep;17(3):354-61. doi: 10.1111/nhs.12195. Epub 2015 Mar 18. — View Citation

Weinhouse GL, Schwab RJ. Sleep in the critically ill patient. Sleep. 2006 May;29(5):707-16. doi: 10.1093/sleep/29.5.707. — View Citation

White BL, Zomorodi M. Perceived and actual noise levels in critical care units. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2017 Feb;38:18-23. doi: 10.1016/j.iccn.2016.06.004. Epub 2016 Aug 25. — View Citation

* Note: There are 13 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Incidence of ICU delirium	Participants will be evaluated for delirium using the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM-ICU)	Two times daily until ICU discharge (up to 4 months)