Brodin P, Arditi M Severe acute hepatitis in children: investigate SARS-CoV-2 superantigens. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022 Jul;7(7):594-595. doi: 10.1016/S2468-1253(22)00166-2. Epub 2022 May 14. No abstract available.
Brodin P SARS-CoV-2 infections in children: Understanding diverse outcomes. Immunity. 2022 Feb 8;55(2):201-209. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.01.014. Epub 2022 Jan 20.
Deep A, Bansal M, Ricci Z Acute Kidney Injury and Special Considerations during Renal Replacement Therapy in Children with Coronavirus Disease-19: Perspective from the Critical Care Nephrology Section of the European Society of Paediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care. Blood Purif. 2021;50(2):150-160. doi: 10.1159/000509677. Epub 2020 Jul 14.
Kaliyaperumal D, Rk K, Alagesan M, Ramalingam S Characterization of cardiac autonomic function in COVID-19 using heart rate variability: a hospital based preliminary observational study. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. 2021 Mar 12;32(3):247-253. doi: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0378.
Martin B, DeWitt PE, Russell S, Sanchez-Pinto LN, Haendel MA, Moffitt R, Bennett TD Acute Upper Airway Disease in Children With the Omicron (B.1.1.529) Variant of SARS-CoV-2-A Report From the US National COVID Cohort Collaborative. JAMA Pediatr. 2022 Aug 1;176(8):819-821. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.1110. Erratum In: JAMA Pediatr. 2023 Jan 1;177(1):104.
Moulin F, El-Aarbaoui T, Bustamante JJH, Heron M, Mary-Krause M, Rouquette A, Galera C, Melchior M Risk and protective factors related to children's symptoms of emotional difficulties and hyperactivity/inattention during the COVID-19-related lockdown in France: results from a community sample. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2022 Jul;31(7):1-12. doi: 10.1007/s00787-021-01752-3. Epub 2021 Mar 9.
Raina R, Chakraborty R, Mawby I, Agarwal N, Sethi S, Forbes M Critical analysis of acute kidney injury in pediatric COVID-19 patients in the intensive care unit. Pediatr Nephrol. 2021 Sep;36(9):2627-2638. doi: 10.1007/s00467-021-05084-x. Epub 2021 Apr 29.
Tanaka T, Okamoto S Increase in suicide following an initial decline during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. Nat Hum Behav. 2021 Feb;5(2):229-238. doi: 10.1038/s41562-020-01042-z. Epub 2021 Jan 15.
Wang L, Li D, Pan S, Zhai J, Xia W, Sun C, Zou M The relationship between 2019-nCoV and psychological distress among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. Global Health. 2021 Feb 25;17(1):23. doi: 10.1186/s12992-021-00674-8.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.