Contraceptive Usage — Clinical Use of a Contraceptive Decision Aid and Patient Outcomes
Citation(s)
Bitzer J, Oppelt PG, Deten A Evaluation of a patient-centred, needs-based approach to support shared decision making in contraceptive counselling: the COCO study. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2021 Aug;26(4):326-333. doi: 10.1080/13625187.2021.1908539. Epub 2021 Apr 19.
Minton AR, Young NA, Nievera MA, Mikels JA Positivity helps the medicine go down: Leveraging framing and affective contexts to enhance the likelihood to take medications. Emotion. 2021 Aug;21(5):1062-1073. doi: 10.1037/emo0000798. Epub 2020 Nov 12.
Morisky DE, Ang A, Krousel-Wood M, Ward HJ Predictive validity of a medication adherence measure in an outpatient setting. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2008 May;10(5):348-54. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-7176.2008.07572.x.
Oakley LP, Harvey SM, Lopez-Cevallos DF Racial and Ethnic Discrimination, Medical Mistrust, and Satisfaction with Birth Control Services among Young Adult Latinas. Womens Health Issues. 2018 Jul-Aug;28(4):313-320. doi: 10.1016/j.whi.2018.03.007. Epub 2018 May 2.
Tomaszewski D, Aronson BD, Kading M, Morisky D Relationship between self-efficacy and patient knowledge on adherence to oral contraceptives using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8). Reprod Health. 2017 Sep 6;14(1):110. doi: 10.1186/s12978-017-0374-6.
Clinical Use of a Contraceptive Decision Aid and Patient Outcomes: An Experimental Clinical Trial
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
