Outcome
Type |
Measure |
Description |
Time frame |
Safety issue |
Primary |
Change in Concussion Management Behaviors: Communication |
Parent self-report of specific emotionally supportive concussion management behaviors in the home setting using the emotionally supportive behaviors index. This index is comprised of three communication practices: whether they had talked to their child about "how they are feeling emotionally (e.g., sadness, anxiety)", "the time it takes to recover from a head injury can be different from person to person," and "their concerns about their recovery from head injury." Responses were summed to create a communication index with a possible range of 3 to 9, with higher scores indicating more supportive communication with their child during recovery (Cronbach's alpha=0.59). |
Timepoint 3 [Two weeks post-visit] |
|
Primary |
Change in Concussion Management Behaviors: Supportive/Rehabilitation-related |
Parent self-report of specific instrumentally-supportive concussion management behaviors in the home setting using the instrumentally supportive behaviors index. This index was comprised of three rehabilitation-related behaviors: "helped child do more physical activity as symptoms improved," "allowed child to return to normal media use as symptoms improved," "and helped child adjust bedtime or sleep environment." Responses were summed to create an instrumental support behavioral index with a possible range of 3 to 9, with higher scores indicating more supportive/rehabilitation-related behaviors (Cronbach's alpha=0.55). |
Timepoint 3 [Two weeks post-visit] |
|
Primary |
Change in Concussion Management Behaviors: Follow-up Appointment |
Percentage of participants who reported they had scheduled a follow-up appointment for their child. |
Timepoint 3 [Two weeks post-visit] |
|
Secondary |
Change in Concussion Management Self-efficacy: Communication |
Self-report of parent confidence in their ability to engage in specific emotionally supportive concussion management behaviors in the home setting using the communication self-efficacy scale. For each of the behaviors, parents were asked to report how challenging it would be to engage in each. Responses were obtained on a 5-point scale where higher scores indicate that performing the behavior would be more challenging (i.e., they have lower self-efficacy). For each domain-specific measure, item level means were calculated, meaning there was a possible range of 1 to 5. In this sample, internal consistency reliability was adequate for the communication subscale (Cronbach's alpha=0.90). |
Timepoint 1 [At ED visit], Timepoint 3 [Two weeks post-visit] |
|
Secondary |
Change in Concussion Management Self-efficacy: Supportive/Rehabilitation-related |
Self-report of parent confidence in their ability to engage in specific instrumentally-supportive concussion management behaviors in the home setting using the rehabilitation self-efficacy scale. For each of the parenting behaviors, parents were asked to report how challenging it would be to engage in each. Responses were obtained on a 5-point scale where higher scores indicate that performing the behavior would be more challenging (i.e., they have lower self-efficacy). For each domain-specific measure, item level means were calculated, meaning there was a possible range of 1 to 5. In this sample, internal consistency reliability was adequate for the rehabilitation subscale (Cronbach's alpha=0.79). |
Timepoint 1 [At ED visit], Timepoint 3 [Two weeks post-visit] |
|
Secondary |
Change in Concussion Management Self-efficacy: Follow-up |
Parent self-report of how challenging it would be to make a follow-up appointment for their child. Responses were obtained on a 5-point scale, where higher scores indicate that performing the behavior would be more challenging (i.e., they have lower self-efficacy). Item level means were calculated, meaning there was a possible range of 1 to 5. |
Timepoint 1 [At ED visit], Timepoint 3 [Two weeks post-visit] |
|
Secondary |
Change in Concussion Knowledge |
Self-report of parent knowledge about the benefits of engaging in specific concussion management behaviors in the home setting was measured using the concussion knowledge index. This index was comprised of 10 true or false questions reflecting the knowledge parents need to perform the targeted guideline-consistent communication, rehabilitation, and external engagement behaviors. The index has a potential range of 0-10, with higher scores indicating greater knowledge. |
Timepoint 1 [At ED visit], Timepoint 3 [Two weeks post-visit] |
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