View clinical trials related to Communicable Diseases.
Filter by:This study is conducted to determine and compare the effect of applying Povidone-iodine and Chlorhexidine solutions for perinea washing on bacteriuria rate and type in patients with urinary catheter in intensive care unit.
Purpose So far anatomical abnormalities (mostly congenital) were, in the majority of the patients, associated with urinary track infections. In this study the researchers will try to investigate the role of TLRs as molecular interactions between bacterial virulence and host response. TLRs are important mediators in the development of the natural immunity against bacteria. They recognize microbial pathogen associated molecular patterns and alert the host's immune system to the presence of invading microbes
To assess the feasibility of donor-derived interferon (IFN)-γ positive select-ed virus-specific T-cells using the cytokine capture system® (CCS) and the safety of subsequent infusion in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with treatment refractory post-transplant viral infections. The CCS has already been successfully used in clinical studies in Germany and United Kingdom (UK).
Poor Ecuadorian older people suffer from chronic dietary deficiencies of zinc, iron, copper, vitamins C, B6, B12, D, and folic acid. The investigators have previously shown that these deficiencies are associated with impaired immune function and increased incidence of respiratory infections (RI). The hypothesis is that correction of these specific nutrient deficiencies will improve immune response and thereby enhance resistance to respiratory infections. To test this hypothesis this study will evaluate the effect of supplementation with specific vitamins and minerals found to be deficient in poor elderly Ecuadorians on markers of immune function and the incidence of RI. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 320 older people (≥65 y)will be carried out in Quito, Ecuador. Participants will receive multivitamin and mineral supplements or placebo tablets daily for 12 months. Nutrients will be provided at US Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) levels, except for vitamin C and zinc doses, which will be 5 times and 1.25 times higher than the RDA, respectively. Incidence of respiratory infections (the primary outcome) will be assessed weekly by field nurses and physicians from the study team. Secondary outcomes include delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin test, cathelicidin production by mucosa respiratory cells, and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) as measures of immune function. Blood micronutrient levels and haemoglobin status will be collected as measures of adherence to the trial regimen. Incidence rate of RI and rate ratio (RR) will be calculated to quantify the effect of the intervention on the incidence of respiratory infection. This will be the first trial of its kind conducted specifically in a population of older people known to have poor micronutrient status. The findings of the study may be important for similar populations in other low- and middle-income countries.
Diagnosis of late-onset sepsis is difficult in the absence of specific clinical signs and biological markers in the infection initial phase .The aim of this study is to determine the performance of a new infection marker : Neutrophil CD64 for early diagnosis in nosocomial infection (NI) in preterm newborns. METHODS : - Monocentric prospective study including preterm newborn infants (<37 weeks of gestationnal age ) with clinical suspicion of nosocomial infection in a neonatal intensice care unit (Neonatal intensive care unit of Montpellier, France). - Patients will be enrolled in the study after informed consents. Rapid and automated CD64 measurment will be realized during the conventional blood sample including C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Procalcitonin (PCT) and blood culture. - Broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy can be started on the advice of clinician and blinded the result of CD64. Patients will be then classed in three groups using CDC criteria (center for disease control) : 1-no infection, 2-infection, 3-possible infection during the multidisciplinary staff. Specificity, sensitivity, negative and positive value of CD64 will be calculated and the performances of CRP, PCT and CD64 will be compared. 153 patients are needed in the study enrolled during a period of 12 months. PERSPECTIVES Neutrophil CD64 monitoring might be help clinicians to manage nosocomial infections in neonates.CD64 allow to integrate in a decision algorithm with the determination of the best cut-off value to faster processing nosocomial infections and could help to reduce unnecessary antibioc therapy. A rapid technique for determination of CD64 should be readily available in our unit.
An experimental hookworm infection model is being developed to provide early proof-of-concept that a hookworm vaccine targeting the blood-feeding pathway of adult hookworms is feasible and efficacious. The proposed model consists of vaccinating healthy, hookworm-naïve adults with a candidate hookworm vaccine, followed by challenging them with the investigational product, Necator americanus Larval Inoculum to assess the effect of vaccination on infection. The first proposed study will be a feasibility study that will consist of administering different doses of the Necator americanus Larval Inoculum to healthy adult volunteers to determine the optimal dose (i.e., number of infectious larvae) that is safe, well-tolerated and results in consistent infection.
Serum samples will be corrected twice from the same youth subjects with one year interval. Seroincidence of pertussis will be estimated by the elevation of Ig-G-PT in paired sera from an identical individual. The relationship between the incidence and the demographic data or medical history of the subjects will be discussed.
Microbial infection of the cornea, also known as microbial keratitis, causes severe corneal inflammation that could result in permanent visual loss. Contact lens wear is the strongest risk factor related to microbial keratitis in developed countries. The most commonly isolated pathogen of contact lens associated microbial keratitis (CLMK) is Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which accounts for over one third of the cases. Among the various virulence factors involved in the pathogenesis of pseudomonal keratitis, a secretion system known as type three secretion system (T3SS) secretes toxins that damage the host cells. ExoS is a bifunctional exotoxin with GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity and ADP ribosyl transferase (ADPRT) activity. It results in an invasive phenotype of P. aeruginosa causing a relatively slower host cell death with intracellular invasion and possibly proliferation of bacterium. In contrast, ExoU expressing strains carries a cytotoxic phenotype that causes rapid host cell lysis due to its phospholipase activity. Previously, cytotoxic strains were reported to be more commonly found in patients with pseudomonal keratitis and were highly correlated with multidrug resistance. In order to understand the pathogenesis of CLMK, especially pseudomonal related CLMK, we proposed to recruit 180 volunteers who will wear different contact lens materials. We then collect the used contact lens and analyze 1) the microbiota on the used contact lens; 2) the bacterial-contact lens adhesion of wild strains, pscC mutant strains (T3SS needle-comples mutant), cytotoxic strain, and invasive strain P. aeruginosa; 3) the effect of shearing forces on bacterial-contact lens adhesion; 4) the bacteriocidal effect of multipurpose solution on different strains of P. aeruginosa.
Whether non-bismuth quadruple therapy (concomitant therapy) is more effective than bismuth quadruple therapy or triple therapy for 14 days remains unknown. Therefore, we aim to compare the eradication rates and long term re-infection rates of quadruple therapy for 10 days versus non-bismuth quadruple therapy for 10 days vs. triple therapy for 14 days. Methods: This will be a multi-center, open labeled, randomized control trial Patients: H. pylori infected patients who have willingness to receive eradication therapy Testing for H. pylori infection Before First Line Ttreatment (1)Any two positive of rapid urease test, histology, serology and culture or a positive UBT will be considered as H. pylori infected After First Line Treatment: C13-Urea breath test will be used to assess the existence of H. pylori 6-8 weeks after first line therapy. Long term reinfection: C13- Urea breath test will be used to assess the recurrence of H. pylori 1 year after eradication therapy
The objective of this study is to provide treatment with Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) to patients with recurrent or refractory Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). It has been shown that good bacteria (like that found in the stool from a healthy donor) attack Clostridium difficile in multiple ways: they make substances that kill Clostridium difficile - and they attach to the surface of the colon lining, which prevents the Clostridium difficile toxin (poison) from attaching. FMT involves infusing a mixture of saline and stool from a healthy donor into the bowel of the patient with CDI during a colonoscopy. The method used to deliver the FMT will depend on individual characteristics of the subject and is at the discretion of the treating physician. FMT may be administered by the following methods. - Colonoscopy: This method allows full endoscopic examination of the colon and exclusion of comorbid conditions (such as IBD, malignancy or microscopic colitis) which may have an impact on subject's treatment or response to therapy. - Sigmoidoscopy: This method still allows infusion of the stool into a more proximal segment of the colon than an enema, but may not require sedation. This method may be beneficial in subjects who are elderly or multiparous and who may have difficulty retaining the material when given as enema. Sigmoidoscopic administration eliminates the additional risks associated with colonoscopy in subjects who may not have a clear indication for colonoscopy. - Retention enema: This method may be preferable in younger subjects who have already had recent endoscopic evaluation, in subjects who prefer not to undergo endoscopy or in subjects with significant co morbidities and may not tolerate endoscopy. The physician will administer 300-500 mL of the fecal suspension in aliquots of 60 mL, through the colonoscope or sigmoidoscope or 150 mL via retention enema. In cases of colonoscopic delivery, the material will be delivered to the most proximal point of insertion. The subject is encouraged to retain stool for as long as possible.