View clinical trials related to Communicable Diseases.
Filter by:The purpose of this Phase 3 trial was to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of oritavancin in acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSIs), including those caused by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and to evaluate the potential economic benefit of oritavancin administered as a single 1200-milligram (mg) intravenous (IV) dose.
This study is designed to evaluate maternal virological and immunological parameters to determine their ability to predict congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. When a pregnant woman is infected with CMV, her immune system (which protects her from infection) is activated and the virus can be found in the woman's bodily fluids (blood, saliva, urine, vaginal secretions). The aim of this study is to find out if there is a link between either the pregnant woman's immune response or the presence of the virus in these bodily fluids and the child/foetus being infected with the virus.
This is a multi-center, comparative, two-arm, parallel-group, single-blind, phase III study to assess immunogenicity and safety of 4th LBVH0101 (Haemophilus influenzae type b tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine) vaccination compared with 4th Hiberix™ vaccination after the same vaccination with primary one in healthy toddlers who completed the primary vaccination with LBVH0101 or Hiberix™ in LG-VHCL002 study.
Postoperative complications, especially bacterial infections, are relatively common and cause increased morbidity and mortality. Effective and timely antimicrobial treatment is important for prognosis, and delayed diagnosis and treatment substantially increase mortality. The early diagnosis of infection and sepsis are today based on diagnostic tests that have been available for years, like WBC count, SR and CRP. These markers suffer from several drawbacks; their sensitivity and specificity for infection and sepsis are not good enough and their kinetics are rather slow in terms of both increase and decrease. A major disadvantage of CRP is that after surgery and trauma this marker generally increases for several days, reaching a plateau typically on day 2-4 following the event, and therefore, in most cases do not offer the needed guidance for early treatment of bacterial infection. More recently, other biomarkers for infection and sepsis have become available, some of which appear acceptable for diagnostic use. Procalcitonin (PCT) and neutrophil CD64 are both promising new markers for the early detection of infection. They do both have their pros and cons compared to each other and compared to the traditional markers, such as CRP and WBC count. It is a general view that further research is needed before these markers will be accepted as part of the routine protocol for the diagnosis of infections, especially in relation to postoperative complications. The aim of the present study is to investigate the clinical utility of procalcitonin (PCT) and neutrophil CD64 as markers for infection and inflammation: - to evaluate if it is possible to detect early phase postoperative infections by using these tests versus traditional markers such as CRP, SR and WBC count (with differential). - to differentiate between systemic bacterial infection and systemic inflammation due to the surgical trauma. The hypothesis is that PCT and neutrophil CD64 are more sensitive and specific analysis for the early detection of infection after abdominal surgery than CRP (and other widely used tests for inflammation and infection), and that neutrophil CD64 is more specific than PCT. Patients admitted to the Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Akershus University Hospital for elective abdominal surgery will be included in the study after informed consent. Initially consecutive series of 150 patients will be included, but this number may be increased depending on the number of observed infections during the course of the study. All patients will be monitored and treated by the formal protocol related to clinical signs of infection, such as abcess, peritonitis, pneumonia, sepsis and septic shock. In addition to the analytical parameters routinely used today in order to discover infections (CRP, WBC count etc), blood samples for PCT and neutrophil CD64 will be analyzed before surgery and daily during the stay at the hospital. In the case of signs of infection, locally or systemic, the frequencies of analysing PCT and CD64 will be increased according to the severity of the changes in the clinical condition. The expression of CD64 will be measured by flow-cytometry and PCT will be measured by an immunochemical method.
This phase I clinical trial is studying the side effects and the best dose of vorinostat when given together with paclitaxel and carboplatin in treating patients with metastatic or recurrent solid tumors and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Vorinostat may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as paclitaxel and carboplatin, work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. Giving vorinostat together with paclitaxel and carboplatin may kill more tumor cells. NOTE: An administrative decision was made by NCI to halt further study of vorinostat in this specific patient population as of February 1, 2013. No patients remain on vorinostat. Going forward this study will determine the safety and tolerability of the paclitaxel and carboplatin combination in this patient population.
Sepsis contributes to nearly 20% of all hospital deaths and is the leading cause of death on non-coronary intensive care units. Contamination of the patient environment is common with organisms such as MRSA, VRE and C.difficile remaining viable for days or weeks on a variety materials and surfaces. Up to 90% of patient notes and charts on critical care may be contaminated with potential pathogens including MRSA and it has been shown that healthcare workers may contaminate hospital paperwork with organisms originating from patients. Cellomed is a triclosan based laminate which has been shown to possess antimicrobial activity against MRSA, E.Coli, Enterococcus, Stenotrophomonas and Klebsiella. The study presented for consideration aims to compare levels of contamination between critical care observation charts coated with either a 'standard' matt or antimicrobial Cellomed laminate. It is proposed that paperwork laminated with Cellomed may exhibit reduced levels of contamination and decrease the potential for cross infection on critical care and potentially other areas of the hospital in which clinical paperwork is handled.
This study will investigate whether: 1) treatment with MK-3415A in addition to standard of care (SOC) antibiotic therapy will decrease Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) recurrence as compared to treatment with MK-6072 or MK-3415, 2) treatment with MK-3415A, MK-6072, or MK-3415, in addition to SOC antibiotic therapy will decrease CDI recurrence as compared to placebo, and 3) MK-3415A, MK-6072, and MK-3415 will be generally well tolerated in participants receiving SOC therapy for CDI as compared to placebo.
This study focuses on a new drug delivery system (Direct Antibiotic Delivery) to treat soft tissue infections. In this study, cefazolin is delivered directly to the target tissues using subcutaneous injection of antibiotic solution and then dispersed using high-frequency external ultrasound. Using this system, a much higher concentration of antibiotic can be achieved than through traditional treatment methods. Unlike traditional delivery methods, Direct Antibiotic Delivery does not rely on blood supply and is beneficial for subjects with Diabetes or subjects who have received radiation therapy and blood supply is limited.
The Cesarean Section Optimal Antibiotic Prophylaxis (C/SOAP) study is a large pragmatic multi-center randomized clinical trial designed to evaluate the comparative effectiveness and safety of azithromycin-based extended-spectrum antibiotic prophylaxis (azithromycin plus standard narrow-spectrum cephalosporin) relative to standard single-agent cephalosporin (preferably prior to surgical incision) to prevent post-cesarean infection. Hypothesis: Compared to narrow-spectrum prophylaxis (i.e. cefazolin alone, or clindamycin if cephalosporin allergy) prior to surgical incision, the addition of extended-spectrum prophylaxis (azithromycin + cefazolin) reduces the incidence of post-cesarean infection.
Helicobacter pylori-infection (H. pylori) affects about fifty percent of the general population and is associated with peptic ulcer disease, non-cardia gastric adenocarcinoma and gastric lymphoma. Currently, diagnostic methods include breath tests, serology, stool antigen tests, histology or the Helicobacter urease test (HUT). The aim of our study is to access the clinical reliability of a new, electrochemical device for rapid H. pylori detection.