View clinical trials related to Communicable Diseases.
Filter by:Antibiotic use may be associated with effects on the perception of smell and taste. These effects are poorly known. The mechanisms can be very diverse, and the effect can be very variable depending on the type of antibiotic used, the dose, and the duration. The aim of this study is to analyze the perception of the taste and olfactory capacities of patients, during an antibiotic treatment.
This study evaluates the efficacy in achieving clinical cure in non-bacteremic urinary tract infections (UTI) caused by Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae producers of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) in adult patients. Half of participants will receive Piperacillin/Tazobactam as treatment, while the other half will receive Carbapenems. The investigators will verify that Piperacillin/Tazobactam is not inferior in achieving clinical cure, and that is not associated with a higher risk of adverse events in the directed treatment of non-bacteremic UTI compared to Carbapenems. The researchers hope to improve the use of antibiotics in the non-bacteremic UTI, reducing the "collateral damage" related to a deterioration in the prognosis of patients and the generation of resistant germs caused by the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics as carbapenems.
Typhoid fever is an infection caused by the bacteria Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi). S. Typhi causes disease principally in developing countries where communities do not have access to safe water or adequate sanitation. It is thought to cause illness in approximately 22 million people every year and up to 200,000 deaths, mostly in children. The bacteria are spread when faeces from infected individuals contaminate food and water sources. Symptoms of infection include headache, fever and general aches and pains. If not treated properly typhoid infection can lead to severe complications and even death. In this study the investigators aim to understand more about the S. Typhi bacteria and how S. Typhi causes a bloodstream infection after it has been ingested and passed into the gut. In spite of the extensive morbidity and mortality associated with bacterial blood stream infections (BSI), comparatively little is known about the pathogenesis. At a time of increasing antimicrobial resistance and a lack of new antimicrobial agents, understanding the pathogenesis of BSI is essential for efforts directed at prevention both of Salmonella Typhi and other bacterial species, particularly those that are restricted to humans.
This phase III trial studies the effect of hepatitis B antiviral (anti-HBV) therapy in preventing liver complications in patients with chronic or past hepatitis B virus (HBV) who are receiving anti-cancer therapy for solid tumors. People with chronic or past HBV who are undergoing therapy for cancer are at an increased risk for changes in the liver which could be minor or severe. Anti-HBV therapy acts against infections caused by HBV and may help reduce the chance that HBV gets worse or comes back in patients receiving anti-cancer therapy for solid tumors.
This will be an open label pilot randomized controlled clinical trial. Women undergoing cesarean delivery will be randomized to have standard wound dressing care or chlorohexidine gluconate (CHG) impregnated wound dressing (ReliaTect™ Post-Op Dressing).
The purpose of this research study is to learn more about the use of viral specific T-lymphocytes (VSTs) to prevent viral infections that may happen after allogeneic stem cell transplant. Allogeneic means the stem cells come from another person. VSTs are cells specially designed to fight viral infections that may happen after a stem cell transplant (SCT). Stem cell transplant reduces your ability to fight infections. Viral infections are a common problem after transplant and can cause significant complications. Moreover, treatment of viral infections is expensive and time consuming, with families often administering prolonged treatments with intravenous anti-viral medications, or patients requiring prolonged admissions to the hospital. The medicines can also have side effects like damage to the kidneys or reduction in the blood counts, so in this study we are trying to find a way to prevent these infections.
Web-based survey to colorectal surgeons assessing knowledge, beliefs and practices regarding the use of preventative measures for SSI.
Chronic wounds, such as diabetic foot ulcers, place a huge burden on healthcare systems and can lead to complications with high morbidity, particularly if the wound if infected. In parallel, there is pressure to reduce the use of antibiotics in order to minimise the risk of antimicrobial resistance. The Glycologic wound detection kit (GLYWD) is a point-of-care test, designed to provide guidance to clinical staff as to whether a chronic wound is infected or not. In this prospective cohort study the premise of this mode-of-action is evaluated. GLYWD will be applied in conjunction with clinical opinion and microbiological testing to determine if there is concordance between the different diagnostic approaches, and if applicable how they may differ in certain patients' wounds.
Surgical site infection (SSI) is the most common healthcare-associated infection, multifactorial in nature, and a typical preventable harm. Many healthcare systems require hospitals to determine the corresponding infection rates as a quality indicator and often stipulate public reporting of these data. Several agencies, among them the World Health Organization (WHO) and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), have issued evidence-based prevention guidelines. Despite efforts in implementing best practice, SSI continue to be a relevant complication of modern surgical procedures and generate enormous costs for the healthcare system. Moreover, prevention guidelines acknowledge that the evidence backing their recommendations is low to moderate in most cases, which is partly due to the complexity of SSI pathogenesis. Swissnoso, the Swiss expert group for infection prevention and hospital epidemiology, oversees the nationwide collection of data on select procedures and the associated SSI. Since the inception of this dedicated surveillance in 2009, more than 300'000 procedures have been included and the corresponding patients were followed to ascertain SSIs. Although primarily conceived as a national surveillance system and then used for public reporting starting in 2014, Swissnoso is a prime data source for better understanding the epidemiology of SSI. Here, the investigators seek to raise the quality of evidence behind future prevention guidelines. For this purpose, the investigators will move from a risk factor analysis for SSI (of which a substantial part occurs after patient discharge from the hospital, rendering surveillance difficult) to the collection of additional data (in order to better characterize certain determinants of SSI and their recognition) and, finally, to a mathematical model (which will simulate the probability of developing SSI so the investigators can test what may modulate this risk).
This is a research study to collect information from people that have Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and are treated with a standard antibiotic treatment in which the antibiotic dose is gradually reduced over 6 weeks and bezlotoxumab (BEZLO), an approved monoclonal antibody targeting C. difficile toxin, which has shown to reduce CID recurrence when used in combination with standard antibiotic treatment.