Analysis of Intestinal Microflora Combined With DNA Methylation in Stool to Detect Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal Neoplasms Clinical Trial

— IMMDC  

Official title:

Analysis of Intestinal Microflora Combined With DNA Methylation in Stool to Detect Colorectal Cancer: a Study Protocol for Colorectal Neoplasms Screening

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Recruiting

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT04302363
• Other study ID #: CCRS-2
• Status: Recruiting
• Start date: February 1, 2018
• Est. completion date: December 1, 2021

Study information

• Verified date: March 2020
• Source: Xiangya Hospital of Central South University
• Contact: weidong Liu, PhD
• Phone: 86-13873124855
• Email: weidong.liu[@]csu.edu.cn
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Observational

Clinical Trial Summary

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) has the third highest incidence rate and the fourth mortality rate in the world. Traditional colonoscopy as an invasive examination method cannot be widely used in screening for colorectal neoplasia. The fecal immunochemical test has some limitations in sensitivity. Also, race and regional differences may affect results. Abnormality in the composition of the gut microbiota has been implicated as a potentially important etiologic factor in the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer. Analyzing fecal flora and exfoliated cell genes may represent a new screening tool for colorectal cancer.This research aims to use 16S rRNA to compare differences in fecal flora between colorectal cancer patients and healthy controls. These data combined with DNA findings of fecal exfoliated cells may further clarify this difference to build a model for screening early colorectal cancer in Chinese people.

Methods and analysis: In total, 300 patients with positive colonoscopy results and 200 health controls will be recruited. All participants will complete an information form and questionnaires. Fecal samples will be examined by 16S rRNA analysis. Gene methylation levels will be detected in fecal exfoliated cells. Models of related intestinal microbiota and methylation genes will be built. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis will be used to select some models with appropriate sensitivity and specificity.The models will be further validated by multicenter studys.

Description:

Introduction： Colorectal cancer (CRC) has the third highest incidence rate and the fourth mortality rate in the world. In China, CRC is the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths. Age-standardized incidence rates in CRC have shown an upward trend.A Westernized lifestyle, particularly physical inactivity, and an increase in the prevalence of obesity in recent decades in China may explain the increase in CRC incidence .

The 5-year survival rate for people with CRC is 65%. Survival rates for CRC can vary depending on various factors, particularly cancer stage. The 5-year survival rate with localized-stage CRC is 90%. About 39% of patients are diagnosed at this early stage. Because of the lack of typical clinical symptoms, early CRC is difficult to detect, and most patients are already in the advanced stage when CRC is diagnosed, thus missing the best intervention stage. Therefore, early detection and early treatment are effective means to reduce the mortality with CRC. Screening has benefits, including diagnosis at an earlier stage, reduced incidence of CRC and reduced mortality.

At present, the main screening methods for CRC are fecal occult blood test and colonoscopy. Colonoscopy is the gold standard for screening for CRC. However, traditional colonoscopy, an invasive examination method, cannot be widely used in screening for colorectal neoplasia.

Fecal samples are easily obtained.Using feces to screen CRC is the current research consensus. According to the most updated Asia Pacific consensus recommendations for CRC screening,FIT(fecal immunochemical test) is used to select high-risk patients for colonoscopy. FIT has also been widely used in other world regions . The sensitivity of FIT is limited (0.79; 95% CI, 0.69-0.86), and a recent systematic meta-analysis showed wide variation in sensitivity among studies . In addition, race and regional differences may affect test results. Therefore, the early screening methods which is non-invasive, highly sensitive and suitable for Chinese people are needed.

Detection of molecular biomarkers in feces for non-invasive diagnosis of CRC may be a promising alternative to detecting blood/plasma biomarkers in current clinical settings. Abnormalities in the composition of the gut microbiota have been implicated as potentially important causes of CRC. With the widespread use of metagenomic sequencing and pyrosequencing in intestinal microbiota research, more bacteria have been found positively associated with CRC incidence. In a recent study, 16S rRNA sequencing was used to classify microbial communities in human intestinal mucosa at different stages of colorectal tumorigenesis, and Fusobacterium was found enriched in colorectal tumors.

For CRC, the main process of benign polyps becoming malignant tumors is the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations that transform colonic epithelial cells into colon adenocarcinoma cells. These cells are continuously shed into colonic lumen and mixed with the stool. During tumor formation, epigenetic changes may occur earlier than mutations. Deregulation of epigenetic mechanisms plays an important role in cancer. Most epigenetic changes in cancer are triggered by genomic alterations in specific genes that are involved in controlling one of the epigenetic mechanisms.Aberrant DNA methylation of tumor suppressor genes induces abnormal expression of downstream genes, which is an important step in the process of tumorigenesis.The methylation status of DNA changes during CRC progression. A number of gene methylation abnormalities associated with CRC discovered in recent studies include SFRP2, SEPT9, BMP3, NDRG4, and SPG20. In addition, some gene mutations are related to CRC. For example, TP53 and KRAS mutations are common in CRC.

In previous research the investigators found that SEPT9, NDRG4, and SDC2 had higher frequency and level of methylation in tumors than in normal or non-tumor adjacent CRC tissues, indicating that these methylated genes may have diagnostic potential for CRC screening. However, BMP3 had very limited contribution to detection accuracy in stool samples. Furthermore, the combination of methylated SEPT9, NDRG4, and SDC2 showed high feasibility of detection of CRC and adenoma and further study showed better performance in detecting CRC than adenoma. Our research also demonstrates differences in fecal genes between different ethnic groups.

This research aims to detect intestinal microbiota differences in stool by 16S rRNA analysis between CRC patients and healthy controls. It will combine DNA analysis of fecal exfoliated cells to further clarify this difference to build some models for screening early colorectal cancer in Chinese people. At the same time, the research will also study the impact of Chinese eating habits on Intestinal Microflora.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Recruiting
• Enrollment: 500
• Est. completion date: December 1, 2021
• Est. primary completion date: December 1, 2020
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years to 75 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• colonoscopy revealing colon or rectal tumor and biopsy-confirmed adenocarcinoma or adenoma.

• no chemotherapy or surgery, and no history of other cancer.

• must be able to understand and be willing to sign informed consent.

• Healthy controls don't have tumors and history of cancer.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Those who not willing to provide specimens or answer questionnaires before the study began.

• People whose stool samples does not meet the requirements.

• People who are unwilling to sign written informed consent or follow a research protocol.

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Colorectal Neoplasms
• DNA Methylation
• Gastrointestinal Microbiome
• Neoplasms

Intervention

Other:
• Fecal microbiota detection and exfoliated cell gene detection
Fecal microbiota detection and exfoliated cell gene detection

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
China	Xiangya Hospital of Central South University	Changsha	Hunan

Sponsors (2)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
WEIDONG LIU,MD	Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province

Country where clinical trial is conducted

China, 

References & Publications (19)

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Chen J, Sun H, Tang W, Zhou L, Xie X, Qu Z, Chen M, Wang S, Yang T, Dai Y, Wang Y, Gao T, Zhou Q, Song Z, Liao M, Liu W. DNA methylation biomarkers in stool for early screening of colorectal cancer. J Cancer. 2019 Aug 28;10(21):5264-5271. doi: 10.7150/jca — View Citation

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Park SK, Baek HL, Yu J, Kim JY, Yang HJ, Jung YS, Choi KY, Kim H, Kim HO, Jeong KU, Chun HK, Kim K, Park DI. Is methylation analysis of SFRP2, TFPI2, NDRG4, and BMP3 promoters suitable for colorectal cancer screening in the Korean population? Intest Res. — View Citation

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* Note: There are 19 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Other	Effect of cholecystectomy on intestinal flora and methylation	All participants complete an information form gathering data on age, sex, occupation, etc. At the same time, we will also collect the history and time of cholecystectomy.	3 years
Other	Effects of intestinal microflora and DNA methylation under different stool characteristics	Classification of feces using the Bristol Stool Scale method.Scores from 1 to 7, lower scores indicate harder stool.	3 years-4years
Primary	Diagnostic efficacy of colorectal cancer model in Chinese people	the difference in intestinal flora and gene methylation between CRC patients and healthy individuals.	2 years
Secondary	Effect of diet on intestinal flora and DNA methylation in Chinese people	Investigate the frequency (e.g. ,"how many times a week"), quantity (e.g. ,"g") and types of food by semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQFFQ)	3 years