Class II Malocclusion Clinical Trial
Official title:
Photographic Analysis Of Soft Tissue Facial Profile In Patients With Class II Malocclusion
The present day social setup considers facial charisma as an important physical
characteristic. The facial characteristics of an individual are measured through
anthropometry, photogrammetry, computer imaging and cephalometric radiographs. Cephalometric
radiographs offer significant diagnostic information regarding the association between the
dental and skeletal structures. By means of photogrammetric measurements, a fresh diagnostic
resource is accessible to the orthodontist which permits an intangible, radiation free
attainment of measure points of soft tissue with no instrumental expense and radiation to
the patient.
Orthodontic patients range from adolescents to senior citizens and originate from an
assortment of populations, thus an extensive series of representative norms will be ideal.
Knowledge of the normal dentofacial outline of every group will make certain better success
of treatment to set up the best possible facial agreement. Hence, it is extremely important
to assess the soft tissue profile of a patient as it is one of the most vital components of
orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.
The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the photographic characteristics of soft
tissue facial profile of patients with class II malocclusion as ethnic differences have been
found to be reported in the literature. It is hypothesized that soft tissue facial
characteristics on lateral profile photographs and lateral cephalometric radiographs in a
sample of local population with class II malocclusion are closely related.
The goal of orthodontic treatment planning is to achieve facial synchronization by an
esthetically pleasing face.It was a common idea in orthodontic treatment planning that soft
tissue enhancement would follow the hard tissues, but this did not always happen.The
reaction of soft tissue to hard tissue movement is not found to be consistent.With the
emergence of a new paradigm in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning, greater
emphasis has been placed on the relationships of soft tissues and lesser emphasis on the
treatment of malocclusion. During the last few years, diagnosis and treatment planning in
orthodontics has been reallocated in the direction of facial planning. Formerly, a lot of
consideration was placed on the dental and skeletal components but now greater thought is
paid to the soft tissue components. The purpose of treatment in the new paradigm is to place
the teeth in optimal position with reference to the lips, both vertically as well as
antero-posteriorly.
The facial characteristics of an individual are measured through anthropometry,
photogrammetry, computer imaging and cephalometric radiographs. Cephalometric radiographs
offer significant diagnostic information regarding the association between the dental and
skeletal structures. Lateral cephalogram has been reported in the literature as an essential
element of the diagnostic procedure in orthodontics. Frontal and lateral photographs of the
patient correspond to another frequently used diagnostic method. Linear and angular soft
tissue facial profile analysis on photographs is carried out corresponding to radiographic
cephalometry.
While taking a lateral cephalometric radiograph, the patient is exposed to radiations,
moreover; the bony structures overlap each other that enhances the likelihood of misreading
of the measured values. By means of photogrammetric measurements, a fresh diagnostic
resource is accessible to the orthodontist which permits an intangible, radiation free
attainment of measure points of soft tissue with no instrumental expense and radiation to
the patient. It has also been reported that lip-tooth relationships during speech and while
smiling are not documented by means of the cephalometric radiograph. Photographs of the face
while smiling and at rest are essential to acquire lip-tooth relationships. By means of
this, the orthodontist can evaluate anterior tooth as well as adjoining soft tissue
relationships. Even though cephalometry is the standard for illustrating skeletal and dental
morphology but it might not be appropriate for extensive epidemiologic studies because of
the radiations that the patient is exposed to.
Edward Angle, the father of modern orthodontics classified malocclusion based on the
position of the maxillary first molar into three types; class I or neutrocclusion, class II
or distocclusion and class III or mesiocclusion. Class II malocclusions are contemplated to
be one of the most common among all the other forms of malocclusions. It has been reported
in the literature that class II malocclusions present an assortment of dental and skeletal
configurations. Skeletal class II patterns occur not merely from sagittal discrepancies but
as well from vertical discrepancies.
Dental class II is associated with distal relationship of lower teeth with their upper
counterparts. It further has two subdivisions, class II division 1 and class II division 2.
Class II division 2 malocclusion is less commonly come across as compared to class II
division 1. The etiology behind class II malocclusion is multifactorial. An important
etiological agent in this type of malocclusion is the soft tissue. For instance, class II
division I malocclusion is commonly due to the result of a short or hypotonic upper lip
while class II division II is due to the result of bimaxillary retroclination caused by
active muscular lips. Prevalence of different occlusions vary with populations of diverse
origin and comparable is the case with class II malocclusion. It has been reported in the
international literature that class II malocclusion is the most prevalent form of
malocclusion as compared to class I and class III malocclusions.
The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the photographic characteristics of soft
tissue facial profile of patients with class II malocclusion. The current study has also
been planned to observe and compare the results of photographic and cephalometric variables.
Soft tissue profile analysis of class II patients would assist us in planning the
orthodontic treatment in such individuals. This would serve the purpose of establishing the
diagnostic values that would aid the orthodontists in future while planning the treatment
plan for class II patients. Planning soft tissue analysis on photographs would also save the
patient from excessive radiographic exposure and would help in better planning of the soft
tissues.
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Observational Model: Case-Only, Time Perspective: Cross-Sectional
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