Chronic Wounds — P.E.M.F. Therapy of Chronic Wounds
Citation(s)
Bragin DE, Statom GL, Hagberg S, Nemoto EM Increases in microvascular perfusion and tissue oxygenation via pulsed electromagnetic fields in the healthy rat brain. J Neurosurg. 2015 May;122(5):1239-47. doi: 10.3171/2014.8.JNS132083. Epub 2014 Oct 24.
Cheing GL, Li X, Huang L, Kwan RL, Cheung KK Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) promote early wound healing and myofibroblast proliferation in diabetic rats. Bioelectromagnetics. 2014 Apr;35(3):161-9. doi: 10.1002/bem.21832. Epub 2014 Jan 3.
Fernandez MI, Watson PJ, Rowbotham DJ Effect of pulsed magnetic field therapy on pain reported by human volunteers in a laboratory model of acute pain. Br J Anaesth. 2007 Aug;99(2):266-9. doi: 10.1093/bja/aem129. Epub 2007 May 22.
Hannemann PF, Mommers EH, Schots JP, Brink PR, Poeze M The effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound and pulsed electromagnetic fields bone growth stimulation in acute fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2014 Aug;134(8):1093-106. doi: 10.1007/s00402-014-2014-8. Epub 2014 Jun 4.
Matic M, Lazetic B, Poljacki M, Djuran V, Matic A, Gajinov Z Influence of different types of electromagnetic fields on skin reparatory processes in experimental animals. Lasers Med Sci. 2009 May;24(3):321-7. doi: 10.1007/s10103-008-0564-0. Epub 2008 Jun 7.
Salzberg CA, Cooper-Vastola SA, Perez F, Viehbeck MG, Byrne DW The effects of non-thermal pulsed electromagnetic energy on wound healing of pressure ulcers in spinal cord-injured patients: a randomized, double-blind study. Ostomy Wound Manage. 1995 Apr;41(3):42-4, 46, 48 passim.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
