Chronic Sinusitis — Photodynamic Therapy for the Treatment of Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Citation(s)
Biel MA, Jones JW, Pedigo L, Gibbs A, Loebel N The effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on human ciliated respiratory mucosa. Laryngoscope. 2012 Dec;122(12):2628-31. doi: 10.1002/lary.23502. Epub 2012 Oct 15.
Biel MA, Pedigo L, Gibbs A, Loebel N Photodynamic therapy of antibiotic-resistant biofilms in a maxillary sinus model. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2013 Jun;3(6):468-73. doi: 10.1002/alr.21134. Epub 2013 Jan 10.
Biel MA, Sievert C, Usacheva M, Teichert M, Balcom J Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy treatment of chronic recurrent sinusitis biofilms. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2011 Sep-Oct;1(5):329-34. doi: 10.1002/alr.20089. Epub 2011 Aug 18.
Krespi YP, Kizhner V, Kara CO Laser-induced microbial reduction in acute bacterial rhinosinusitis. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2009 Nov-Dec;23(6):e29-32. doi: 10.2500/ajra.2009.23.3404.
Krespi YP, Kizhner V Phototherapy for chronic rhinosinusitis. Lasers Surg Med. 2011 Mar;43(3):187-91. doi: 10.1002/lsm.21042. Epub 2011 Feb 2.
Photodisinfection for the Treatment of Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
