Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Prospective Cohort Study (CKiD)

Chronic Kidney Disease Clinical Trial

— CKiD  

Official title:

Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Prospective Cohort Study (CKiD)

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Active, not recruiting

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT00327860
• Other study ID #: DK66116
• Secondary ID: U01DK066143U01DK
• Status: Active, not recruiting
• Start date: October 2003
• Est. completion date: July 2028

Study information

• Verified date: August 2023
• Source: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Observational

Clinical Trial Summary

The Division of Kidney, Urologic, and Hematologic Diseases (DKUHD) of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), in collaboration with the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) and the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) funded a cooperative agreement including two Clinical Coordinating Centers (at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and at Children's Mercy Hospital in Kansas City), a central biochemistry laboratory (at the University of Rochester) and a Data Coordinating Center (at Johns Hopkins School of Public Health) to conduct a prospective epidemiological study of children with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Description:

Since its inception in 2003, the scientific aims of CKiD have been to determine the risk factors for decline in kidney function and to define how progressive decline in kidney function impacts biomarkers of risk factors for cardiovascular disease; neurocognitive function and behavior; and growth failure and its associated morbidity.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Active, not recruiting
• Enrollment: 1100
• Est. completion date: July 2028
• Est. primary completion date: July 2028
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 6 Months to 16 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age between 1 and 16 years (before 17th birthday) for Cohorts 1 and 2; age between 6 months and 16 years (before 17th birthday) for Cohort 3

• Estimated (based on SCr) Schwartz GFR between 30 and 90 ml/min|1.73m2 for Cohort 1 OR an estimated GFR between 45 and 90 ml/min|1.73m2 based on the updated Schwartz formula for Cohort 2

• Willingness and ability to provide informed consent and assent

• For Cohort 3, children with non-glomerular diagnosis and duration of kidney disease less than 5 years will be enrolled.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Renal, other solid organ, bone marrow or stem cell transplantation

• Dialysis treatment within the past three months

• Cancer diagnosis or HIV diagnosis/treatment within last twelve months

• Current pregnancy or pregnancy within past twelve months

• Inability to complete major data collection procedures

• Current enrollment in a randomized clinical trial in which the specific treatment is unknown

• Not fluent in English or Spanish

• Plans to move out of area of any participating CKiD site (Families can be transferred to another CKiD site if they move)

• History of structural heart disease

• Genetic syndromes involving the central nervous system (e.g., Downs syndrome)

• History of severe to profound mental retardation (i.e., intelligence quotient (IQ)<40, significant impairment in adaptive function and/or inability to independently execute self-care skills)

• For cohort 3, children who are expected to receive renal replacement therapy within 6 months of date of enrollment will not be recruited

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Chronic Kidney Disease
• Kidney Diseases
• Renal Insufficiency, Chronic

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
United States	Children's Mercy Kansas City	Kansas City	Missouri
United States	The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia	Philadelphia	Pennsylvania

Sponsors (4)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health	Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

References & Publications (181)

Abraham AG, Betoko A, Fadrowski JJ, Pierce C, Furth SL, Warady BA, Munoz A. Renin-angiotensin II-aldosterone system blockers and time to renal replacement therapy in children with CKD. Pediatr Nephrol. 2017 Apr;32(4):643-649. doi: 10.1007/s00467-016-3512- — View Citation

Abraham AG, Mak RH, Mitsnefes M, White C, Moxey-Mims M, Warady B, Furth SL. Protein energy wasting in children with chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol. 2014 Jul;29(7):1231-8. doi: 10.1007/s00467-014-2768-9. Epub 2014 Feb 7. — View Citation

Abraham AG, Munoz A, Furth SL, Warady B, Schwartz GJ. Extracellular volume and glomerular filtration rate in children with chronic kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011 Apr;6(4):741-7. doi: 10.2215/CJN.08020910. Epub 2011 Mar 24. — View Citation

Abraham AG, Schwartz GJ, Furth S, Warady BA, Munoz A. Longitudinal formulas to estimate GFR in children with CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009 Nov;4(11):1724-30. doi: 10.2215/CJN.01860309. Epub 2009 Sep 17. — View Citation

Abraham AG, Xu Y, Roem JL, Greenberg JH, Weidemann DK, Sabbisetti VS, Bonventre JV, Denburg M, Warady BA, Furth SL. Variability in CKD Biomarker Studies: Soluble Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor (suPAR) and Kidney Disease Progression in the Chroni — View Citation

Akchurin O, Molino AR, Schneider MF, Atkinson MA, Warady BA, Furth SL. Longitudinal Relationship Between Anemia and Statural Growth Impairment in Children and Adolescents With Nonglomerular CKD: Findings From the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) — View Citation

Akchurin OM, Schneider MF, Mulqueen L, Brooks ER, Langman CB, Greenbaum LA, Furth SL, Moxey-Mims M, Warady BA, Kaskel FJ, Skversky AL. Medication adherence and growth in children with CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2014 Sep 5;9(9):1519-25. doi: 10.2215/CJN.0 — View Citation

Al-Uzri A, Matheson M, Gipson DS, Mendley SR, Hooper SR, Yadin O, Rozansky DJ, Moxey-Mims M, Furth SL, Warady BA, Gerson AC; Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Study Group. The impact of short stature on health-related quality of life in children with chr — View Citation

Altemose KE, Kumar J, Portale AA, Warady BA, Furth SL, Fadrowski JJ, Atkinson MA. Vitamin D insufficiency, hemoglobin, and anemia in children with chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol. 2018 Nov;33(11):2131-2136. doi: 10.1007/s00467-018-4020-5. Epub 201 — View Citation

Atkinson MA, Kim JY, Roy CN, Warady BA, White CT, Furth SL. Hepcidin and risk of anemia in CKD: a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis in the CKiD cohort. Pediatr Nephrol. 2015 Apr;30(4):635-43. doi: 10.1007/s00467-014-2991-4. Epub 2014 Nov 8. — View Citation

Atkinson MA, Ng DK, Warady BA, Furth SL, Flynn JT. The CKiD study: overview and summary of findings related to kidney disease progression. Pediatr Nephrol. 2021 Mar;36(3):527-538. doi: 10.1007/s00467-019-04458-6. Epub 2020 Feb 3. — View Citation

Atkinson MA, Pierce CB, Fadrowski JJ, Benador NM, White CT, Turman MA, Pan CG, Abraham AG, Warady BA, Furth SL. Association between common iron store markers and hemoglobin in children with chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol. 2012 Dec;27(12):2275-83. — View Citation

Atkinson MA, Pierce CB, Zack RM, Barletta GM, Yadin O, Mentser M, Warady BA, Furth SL. Hemoglobin differences by race in children with CKD. Am J Kidney Dis. 2010 Jun;55(6):1009-17. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2009.12.040. Epub 2010 Apr 24. — View Citation

Atkinson MA, Roem JL, Gajjar A, Warady BA, Furth SL, Munoz A. Mode of initial renal replacement therapy and transplant outcomes in the chronic kidney disease in children (CKiD) study. Pediatr Nephrol. 2020 Jun;35(6):1015-1021. doi: 10.1007/s00467-019-0441 — View Citation

Atkinson MA, Xiao R, Kottgen A, Wuhl E, Wong CS, Wuttke M, Bayazit AK, Caliskan S, Warady BA, Schaefer F, Furth SL. Genetic associations of hemoglobin in children with chronic kidney disease in the PediGFR Consortium. Pediatr Res. 2019 Feb;85(3):324-328. — View Citation

Ayestaran FW, Schneider MF, Kaskel FJ, Srivaths PR, Seo-Mayer PW, Moxey-Mims M, Furth SL, Warady BA, Greenbaum LA. Perceived appetite and clinical outcomes in children with chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol. 2016 Jul;31(7):1121-7. doi: 10.1007/s0046 — View Citation

Bae S, Samuels JA, Flynn JT, Mitsnefes MM, Furth SL, Warady BA, Ng DK; CKiD Study. Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Masked Hypertension Among Children With Chronic Kidney Disease. Hypertension. 2022 Sep;79(9):2105-2113. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.12 — View Citation

Bakhoum CY, Katz R, Samuels JA, Al-Rousan T, Furth SL, Ix JH, Garimella PS. Nocturnal Dipping and Left Ventricular Mass Index in the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Cohort. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2022 Jan;17(1):75-82. doi: 10.2215/CJN.09810721. Epub 20 — View Citation

Bakhoum CY, Matheson MB, Greenberg JH, Furth SL, Ix JH, Garimella PS. Urine Uromodulin Is Not Associated With Blood Pressure in the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Cohort. Hypertension. 2022 Oct;79(10):2298-2304. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.19566. — View Citation

Bakhoum CY, Phadke M, Deng Y, Samuels JA, Garimella PS, Furth SL, Wilson FP, Ix JH. Nocturnal Dipping and Kidney Function Decline: Findings From the CKD in Children Study. Kidney Int Rep. 2022 Aug 17;7(11):2446-2453. doi: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.08.002. eColl — View Citation

Barletta GM, Flynn J, Mitsnefes M, Samuels J, Friedman LA, Ng D, Cox C, Poffenbarger T, Warady B, Furth S. Heart rate and blood pressure variability in children with chronic kidney disease: a report from the CKiD study. Pediatr Nephrol. 2014 Jun;29(6):105 — View Citation

Barletta GM, Pierce C, Mitsnefes M, Samuels J, Warady BA, Furth S, Flynn J. Is Blood Pressure Improving in Children With Chronic Kidney Disease? A Period Analysis. Hypertension. 2018 Mar;71(3):444-450. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.09649. Epub 2018 Jan — View Citation

Beara-Lasic L, Cogal A, Mara K, Enders F, Mehta RA, Haskic Z, Furth SL, Trachtman H, Scheinman SJ, Milliner DS, Goldfarb DS, Harris PC, Lieske JC; investigators of the Rare Kidney Stone Consortium. Prevalence of low molecular weight proteinuria and Dent d — View Citation

Blydt-Hansen TD, Pierce CB, Cai Y, Samsonov D, Massengill S, Moxey-Mims M, Warady BA, Furth SL. Medication treatment complexity and adherence in children with CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2014 Feb;9(2):247-54. doi: 10.2215/CJN.05750513. Epub 2013 Nov 21. — View Citation

Boynton SA, Matheson MB, Ng DK, Hidalgo G, Warady BA, Furth SL, Atkinson MA. The Relationship Between Neighborhood Disadvantage and Kidney Disease Progression in the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) Cohort. Am J Kidney Dis. 2022 Aug;80(2):207-214 — View Citation

Brady TM, Roem J, Cox C, Schneider MF, Wilson AC, Furth SL, Warady BA, Mitsnefes M. Adiposity, Sex, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Children With CKD: A Longitudinal Study of Youth Enrolled in the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) Study. Am J K — View Citation

Brady TM, Schneider MF, Flynn JT, Cox C, Samuels J, Saland J, White CT, Furth S, Warady BA, Mitsnefes M. Carotid intima-media thickness in children with CKD: results from the CKiD study. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012 Dec;7(12):1930-7. doi: 10.2215/CJN.03130 — View Citation

Brady TM, Townsend K, Schneider MF, Cox C, Kimball T, Madueme P, Warady B, Furth S, Mitsnefes M. Cystatin C and Cardiac Measures in Children and Adolescents With CKD. Am J Kidney Dis. 2017 Feb;69(2):247-256. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2016.08.036. Epub 2016 Nov — View Citation

Brooks ER, Haymond S, Rademaker A, Pierce C, Helenowski I, Passman R, Vicente F, Warady BA, Furth SL, Langman CB. Contribution of symmetric dimethylarginine to GFR decline in pediatric chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol. 2018 Apr;33(4):697-704. doi: — View Citation

Brooks ER, Lin DC, Langman CB, Thompson JW, St John-Williams L, Furth SL, Warady B, Haymond S. Metabolomic Patterns in Adolescents With Mild to Moderate CKD. Kidney Int Rep. 2019 Jan 28;4(5):720-723. doi: 10.1016/j.ekir.2019.01.009. eCollection 2019 May. — View Citation

Brown DD, Carroll M, Ng DK, Levy RV, Greenbaum LA, Kaskel FJ, Furth SL, Warady BA, Melamed ML, Dauber A. Longitudinal Associations between Low Serum Bicarbonate and Linear Growth in Children with CKD. Kidney360. 2022 Feb 9;3(4):666-676. doi: 10.34067/KID. — View Citation

Brown DD, Roem J, Ng DK, Reidy KJ, Kumar J, Abramowitz MK, Mak RH, Furth SL, Schwartz GJ, Warady BA, Kaskel FJ, Melamed ML. Low Serum Bicarbonate and CKD Progression in Children. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2020 Jun 8;15(6):755-765. doi: 10.2215/CJN.07060619. — View Citation

Carlson J, Gerson AC, Matheson MB, Manne S, Warady BA, Hooper SR, Lande M, Harshman LA, Johnson RJ, Shinnar S, Kogon AJ, Furth S. A longitudinal analysis of the effect of anemia on health-related quality of life in children with mild-to-moderate chronic k — View Citation

Checkley W, Brower RG, Munoz A; NIH Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network Investigators. Inference for mutually exclusive competing events through a mixture of generalized gamma distributions. Epidemiology. 2010 Jul;21(4):557-65. doi: 10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181e090ed. — View Citation

Chen W, Ducharme-Smith K, Davis L, Hui WF, Warady BA, Furth SL, Abraham AG, Betoko A. Dietary sources of energy and nutrient intake among children and adolescents with chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol. 2017 Jul;32(7):1233-1241. doi: 10.1007/s00467- — View Citation

Copelovitch L, Warady BA, Furth SL. Insights from the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) study. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011 Aug;6(8):2047-53. doi: 10.2215/CJN.10751210. Epub 2011 Jul 22. — View Citation

Dell KM, Matheson M, Hartung EA, Warady BA, Furth SL; Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) Study. Kidney Disease Progression in Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease. J Pediatr. 2016 Apr;171:196-201.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.12.079. Epub — View Citation

Denburg MR, Kumar J, Jemielita T, Brooks ER, Skversky A, Portale AA, Salusky IB, Warady BA, Furth SL, Leonard MB. Fracture Burden and Risk Factors in Childhood CKD: Results from the CKiD Cohort Study. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2016 Feb;27(2):543-50. doi: 10.1681/ — View Citation

Denburg MR, Xu Y, Abraham AG, Coresh J, Chen J, Grams ME, Feldman HI, Kimmel PL, Rebholz CM, Rhee EP, Vasan RS, Warady BA, Furth SL; CKD Biomarkers Consortium. Metabolite Biomarkers of CKD Progression in Children. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2021 Aug;16(8):117 — View Citation

Diaz-Gonzalez de Ferris ME, Pierce CB, Gipson DS, Furth SL, Warady BA, Hooper SR; Authoring group for the CKiD Study. Health-related quality of life in children with chronic kidney disease is affected by the number of medications. Pediatr Nephrol. 2021 Ma — View Citation

Dionne JM, Jiang S, Ng DK, Flynn JT, Mitsnefes MM, Furth SL, Warady BA, Samuels JA; CKiD study group. Mean Arterial Pressure and Chronic Kidney Disease Progression in the CKiD Cohort. Hypertension. 2021 Jul;78(1):65-73. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.16 — View Citation

Dodson JL, Cohn SE, Cox C, Hmiel PS, Wood E, Mattoo TK, Warady BA, Furth SL. Urinary incontinence in the CKiD cohort and health related quality of life. J Urol. 2009 Oct;182(4 Suppl):2007-14. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2009.06.012. Epub 2009 Aug 20. — View Citation

Douglas CE, Roem J, Flynn JT, Furth SL, Warady BA, Halbach SM; Chronic Kidney Disease in Children study investigators*. Effect of Age on Hypertension Recognition in Children With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Report From the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children — View Citation

Fadrowski JJ, Abraham AG, Navas-Acien A, Guallar E, Weaver VM, Furth SL. Blood lead level and measured glomerular filtration rate in children with chronic kidney disease. Environ Health Perspect. 2013 Aug;121(8):965-70. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1205164. Epub 2013 — View Citation

Fadrowski JJ, Neu AM, Schwartz GJ, Furth SL. Pediatric GFR estimating equations applied to adolescents in the general population. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011 Jun;6(6):1427-35. doi: 10.2215/CJN.06460710. Epub 2011 May 12. — View Citation

Fadrowski JJ, Pierce CB, Cole SR, Moxey-Mims M, Warady BA, Furth SL. Hemoglobin decline in children with chronic kidney disease: baseline results from the chronic kidney disease in children prospective cohort study. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008 Mar;3(2):45 — View Citation

Fathallah-Shaykh SA, Flynn JT, Pierce CB, Abraham AG, Blydt-Hansen TD, Massengill SF, Moxey-Mims MM, Warady BA, Furth SL, Wong CS. Progression of pediatric CKD of nonglomerular origin in the CKiD cohort. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2015 Apr 7;10(4):571-7. doi: — View Citation

Flynn JT, Carroll MK, Ng DK, Furth SL, Warady BA. Achieved clinic blood pressure level and chronic kidney disease progression in children: a report from the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children cohort. Pediatr Nephrol. 2021 Jun;36(6):1551-1559. doi: 10.1007 — View Citation

Flynn JT, Mitsnefes M, Pierce C, Cole SR, Parekh RS, Furth SL, Warady BA; Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Study Group. Blood pressure in children with chronic kidney disease: a report from the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children study. Hypertension. 200 — View Citation

Flynn JT, Ng DK, Chan GJ, Samuels J, Furth S, Warady B, Greenbaum LA; Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Study. The effect of abnormal birth history on ambulatory blood pressure and disease progression in children with chronic kidney disease. J Pediatr. 2 — View Citation

Flynn JT, Pierce CB, Miller ER 3rd, Charleston J, Samuels JA, Kupferman J, Furth SL, Warady BA; Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Study Group. Reliability of resting blood pressure measurement and classification using an oscillometric device in children — View Citation

Fuhrman DY, Schneider MF, Dell KM, Blydt-Hansen TD, Mak R, Saland JM, Furth SL, Warady BA, Moxey-Mims MM, Schwartz GJ. Albuminuria, Proteinuria, and Renal Disease Progression in Children with CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017 Jun 7;12(6):912-920. doi: 10.2 — View Citation

Furth S, Warady BA. Biomarkers, Imaging and Patient Reported Outcomes in The Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Study. Semin Nephrol. 2021 Sep;41(5):403-404. doi: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2021.09.001. No abstract available. — View Citation

Furth SL, Abraham AG, Jerry-Fluker J, Schwartz GJ, Benfield M, Kaskel F, Wong C, Mak RH, Moxey-Mims M, Warady BA. Metabolic abnormalities, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and GFR decline in children with chronic kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. — View Citation

Furth SL, Cole SR, Moxey-Mims M, Kaskel F, Mak R, Schwartz G, Wong C, Munoz A, Warady BA. Design and methods of the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) prospective cohort study. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006 Sep;1(5):1006-15. doi: 10.2215/CJN.01941205. Epub 2006 Jul 19. — View Citation

Furth SL, Pierce C, Hui WF, White CA, Wong CS, Schaefer F, Wuhl E, Abraham AG, Warady BA; Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD); Effect of Strict Blood Pressure Control and ACE Inhibition on the Progression of CRF in Pediatric Patients (ESCAPE) Study — View Citation

Gerson AC, Wentz A, Abraham AG, Mendley SR, Hooper SR, Butler RW, Gipson DS, Lande MB, Shinnar S, Moxey-Mims MM, Warady BA, Furth SL. Health-related quality of life of children with mild to moderate chronic kidney disease. Pediatrics. 2010 Feb;125(2):e349 — View Citation

Greenbaum LA, Munoz A, Schneider MF, Kaskel FJ, Askenazi DJ, Jenkins R, Hotchkiss H, Moxey-Mims M, Furth SL, Warady BA. The association between abnormal birth history and growth in children with CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011 Jan;6(1):14-21. doi: 10.221 — View Citation

Greenberg JH, Abraham AG, Xu Y, Schelling JR, Feldman HI, Sabbisetti VS, Gonzalez MC, Coca S, Schrauben SJ, Waikar SS, Ramachandran VS, Shlipak MG, Warady B, Kimmel PL, Bonventre JV, Denburg M, Parikh CR, Furth S; CKD Biomarkers Consortium. Plasma Biomark — View Citation

Greenberg JH, Abraham AG, Xu Y, Schelling JR, Feldman HI, Sabbisetti VS, Ix JH, Jogalekar MP, Coca S, Waikar SS, Shlipak MG, Warady BA, Vasan RS, Kimmel PL, Bonventre JV, Denburg M, Parikh CR, Furth S; CKD Biomarkers Consortium; CKD Biomarker consortium. — View Citation

Guzman-Limon ML, Jiang S, Ng D, Flynn JT, Warady B, Furth SL, Samuels JA; Chronic Kidney Disease in Children study*. Nocturnal Hypertension in Children With Chronic Kidney Disease Is Common and Associated With Progression to Kidney Replacement Therapy. Hy — View Citation

Harrell W, Gipson DS, Belger A, Matsuda-Abedini M, Bjornson B, Hooper SR. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Children and Adolescents With Chronic Kidney Disease: Preliminary Findings. Semin Nephrol. 2021 Sep;41(5):462-475. doi: 10.1016/j.s — View Citation

Harshman LA, Johnson RJ, Matheson MB, Kogon AJ, Shinnar S, Gerson AC, Warady BA, Furth SL, Hooper SR. Academic achievement in children with chronic kidney disease: a report from the CKiD cohort. Pediatr Nephrol. 2019 Apr;34(4):689-696. doi: 10.1007/s00467 — View Citation

Harshman LA, Kogon AJ, Matheson MB, Johnson RJ, Shinnar S, Gerson AC, Warady BA, Furth SL, Hooper SR, Lande MB. Bicarbonate, blood pressure, and executive function in pediatric CKD-is there a link? Pediatr Nephrol. 2020 Jul;35(7):1323-1330. doi: 10.1007/s — View Citation

Hartung EA, Dell KM, Matheson M, Warady BA, Furth SL. Growth in Children with Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease in the CKiD Cohort Study. Front Pediatr. 2016 Aug 10;4:82. doi: 10.3389/fped.2016.00082. eCollection 2016. — View Citation

Hartung EA, Matheson M, Lande MB, Dell KM, Guay-Woodford LM, Gerson AC, Warady BA, Hooper SR, Furth SL. Neurocognition in children with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease in the CKiD cohort study. Pediatr Nephrol. 2014 Oct;29(10):1957-65. doi: — View Citation

Hidalgo G, Ng DK, Moxey-Mims M, Minnick ML, Blydt-Hansen T, Warady BA, Furth SL. Association of income level with kidney disease severity and progression among children and adolescents with CKD: a report from the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) — View Citation

Hogan J, Schneider MF, Pai R, Denburg MR, Kogon A, Brooks ER, Kaskel FJ, Reidy KJ, Saland JM, Warady BA, Furth SL, Patzer RE, Greenbaum LA. Grip strength in children with chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol. 2020 May;35(5):891-899. doi: 10.1007/s00467 — View Citation

Hooper SR, Gerson AC, Butler RW, Gipson DS, Mendley SR, Lande MB, Shinnar S, Wentz A, Matheson M, Cox C, Furth SL, Warady BA. Neurocognitive functioning of children and adolescents with mild-to-moderate chronic kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011 — View Citation

Hooper SR, Gerson AC, Johnson RJ, Mendley SR, Shinnar S, Lande MB, Matheson MB, Gipson DS, Morgenstern B, Warady BA, Furth SL. Neurocognitive, Social-Behavioral, and Adaptive Functioning in Preschool Children with Mild to Moderate Kidney Disease. J Dev Be — View Citation

Hooper SR, Johnson RJ, Gerson AC, Lande MB, Shinnar S, Harshman LA, Kogon AJ, Matheson M, Bartosh S, Carlson J, Warady BA, Furth SL. Overview of the findings and advances in the neurocognitive and psychosocial functioning of mild to moderate pediatric CKD — View Citation

Hooper SR, Johnson RJ, Lande M, Matheson M, Shinnar S, Kogon AJ, Harshman L, Spinale J, Gerson AC, Warady BA, Furth SL. The Similarities and Differences Between Glomerular vs. Non-glomerular Diagnoses on Intelligence and Executive Functions in Pediatric C — View Citation

Hui WF, Betoko A, Savant JD, Abraham AG, Greenbaum LA, Warady B, Moxey-Mims MM, Furth SL. Assessment of dietary intake of children with chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol. 2017 Mar;32(3):485-494. doi: 10.1007/s00467-016-3491-5. Epub 2016 Sep 29. — View Citation

Jacobson MH, Liu M, Wu Y, Furth S, Warady B, Trachtman H, Trasande L. Oxidant stress and renal function among children with chronic kidney disease: a repeated measures study. Sci Rep. 2020 Feb 21;10(1):3129. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-59962-9. — View Citation

Jacobson MH, Wu Y, Liu M, Attina TM, Naidu M, Karthikraj R, Kannan K, Warady BA, Furth S, Vento S, Trachtman H, Trasande L. Serially assessed bisphenol A and phthalate exposure and association with kidney function in children with chronic kidney disease i — View Citation

Jacobson MH, Wu Y, Liu M, Kannan K, Lee S, Ma J, Warady BA, Furth S, Trachtman H, Trasande L. Urinary Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in a Longitudinal Cohort of Children with CKD: A Case of Reverse Causation? Kidney360. 2022 Mar 29;3(6):1011-1020. doi: — View Citation

Jacobson MH, Wu Y, Liu M, Kannan K, Li AJ, Robinson M, Warady BA, Furth S, Trachtman H, Trasande L. Organophosphate pesticides and progression of chronic kidney disease among children: A prospective cohort study. Environ Int. 2021 Oct;155:106597. doi: 10. — View Citation

Johnson RJ, Gerson AC, Harshman LA, Matheson MB, Shinnar S, Lande MB, Kogon A, Gipson DS, Warady BA, Furth SL, Hooper SR. A longitudinal examination of parent-reported emotional-behavioral functioning of children with mild to moderate chronic kidney disea — View Citation

Johnson RJ, Harshman LA. Neurocognition in Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease: A Review of Data From the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) Study. Semin Nephrol. 2021 Sep;41(5):446-454. doi: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2021.09.007. — View Citation

Kim HS, Ng DK, Matheson MB, Atkinson MA, Akhtar Y, Warady BA, Furth SL, Ruebner RL. Association of Puberty With Changes in GFR in Children With CKD. Am J Kidney Dis. 2022 Jan;79(1):131-134. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2021.05.011. Epub 2021 Jun 24. No abstract av — View Citation

Kim HS, Ng DK, Matheson MB, Atkinson MA, Warady BA, Furth SL, Ruebner RL. Delayed menarche in girls with chronic kidney disease and the association with short stature. Pediatr Nephrol. 2020 Aug;35(8):1471-1475. doi: 10.1007/s00467-020-04559-7. Epub 2020 A — View Citation

Knight A, Kogon AJ, Matheson MB, Warady BA, Furth SL, Hooper SR. Cognitive Function in Children with Lupus Nephritis: A Cross-Sectional Comparison with Children with Other Glomerular Chronic Kidney Diseases. J Pediatr. 2017 Oct;189:181-188.e1. doi: 10.101 — View Citation

Kogon AJ, Matheson MB, Flynn JT, Gerson AC, Warady BA, Furth SL, Hooper SR; Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) Study Group. Depressive Symptoms in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease. J Pediatr. 2016 Jan;168:164-170.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.0 — View Citation

Kogon AJ, Pierce CB, Cox C, Brady TM, Mitsnefes MM, Warady BA, Furth SL, Flynn JT. Nephrotic-range proteinuria is strongly associated with poor blood pressure control in pediatric chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2014 Apr;85(4):938-44. doi: 10.1038/ki. — View Citation

Kogon AJ, Roem J, Schneider MF, Mitsnefes MM, Zemel BS, Warady BA, Furth SL, Rodig NM. Associations of body mass index (BMI) and BMI change with progression of chronic kidney disease in children. Pediatr Nephrol. 2023 Apr;38(4):1257-1266. doi: 10.1007/s00 — View Citation

Ku E, McCulloch CE, Warady BA, Furth SL, Grimes BA, Mitsnefes MM. Twenty-Four-Hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure versus Clinic Blood Pressure Measurements and Risk of Adverse Outcomes in Children with CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2018 Mar 7;13(3):422-428. doi: — View Citation

Kumar J, McDermott K, Abraham AG, Friedman LA, Johnson VL, Kaskel FJ, Furth SL, Warady BA, Portale AA, Melamed ML. Prevalence and correlates of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency in the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) cohort. Pediatr Nephrol. 2016 J — View Citation

Kupferman JC, Aronson Friedman L, Cox C, Flynn J, Furth S, Warady B, Mitsnefes M; CKiD Study Group. BP control and left ventricular hypertrophy regression in children with CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2014 Jan;25(1):167-74. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2012121197. Epub 201 — View Citation

Kupferman JC, Matheson MB, Lande MB, Flynn JT, Furth S, Warady BA, Hooper SR. Increased history of ischemic stroke and decreased neurocognitive performance in children with chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol. 2020 Jul;35(7):1315-1321. doi: 10.1007/s0 — View Citation

Lalan S, Jiang S, Ng DK, Kupferman F, Warady BA, Furth S, Mitsnefes MM. Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, Metabolic Syndrome, and Chronic Kidney Disease Progression in Children. J Pediatr. 2018 Nov;202:163-170. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.06.007. Epub 2018 Jul — View Citation

Lande MB, Gerson AC, Hooper SR, Cox C, Matheson M, Mendley SR, Gipson DS, Wong C, Warady BA, Furth SL, Flynn JT. Casual blood pressure and neurocognitive function in children with chronic kidney disease: a report of the children with chronic kidney diseas — View Citation

Lande MB, Mendley SR, Matheson MB, Shinnar S, Gerson AC, Samuels JA, Warady BA, Furth SL, Hooper SR. Association of blood pressure variability and neurocognition in children with chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol. 2016 Nov;31(11):2137-44. doi: 10.10 — View Citation

Laster M, Denburg M, Okuda Y, Kumar J, Furth S, Warady B, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Norris K, Salusky IB. Race and Ethnicity Predict Bone Markers and Fracture in Pediatric Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease. J Bone Miner Res. 2021 Feb;36(2):298-304. doi: 10.100 — View Citation

Lee AM, Hu J, Xu Y, Abraham AG, Xiao R, Coresh J, Rebholz C, Chen J, Rhee EP, Feldman HI, Ramachandran VS, Kimmel PL, Warady BA, Furth SL, Denburg MR; CKD Biomarkers Consortium. Using Machine Learning to Identify Metabolomic Signatures of Pediatric Chroni — View Citation

Lee J, McCulloch CE, Flynn JT, Samuels J, Warady BA, Furth SL, Seth D, Grimes BA, Mitsnefes MM, Ku E. Prognostic Value of Ambulatory Blood Pressure Load in Pediatric CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2020 Apr 7;15(4):493-500. doi: 10.2215/CJN.10130819. Epub 202 — View Citation

Levy RV, Reidy KJ, Le TH, David V, Winkler C, Xu Y, Warady B, Furth S, Kaskel F, Melamed ML. Association of GSTM1 Deletion With Progression of CKD in Children: Findings From the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) Study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2022 Jul;80 — View Citation

Li Y, Greenbaum LA, Warady BA, Furth SL, Ng DK. Short stature in advanced pediatric CKD is associated with faster time to reduced kidney function after transplant. Pediatr Nephrol. 2019 May;34(5):897-905. doi: 10.1007/s00467-018-4165-2. Epub 2019 Jan 9. — View Citation

Lo MM, Salisbury S, Scherer PE, Furth SL, Warady BA, Mitsnefes MM. Serum adiponectin complexes and cardiovascular risk in children with chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol. 2011 Nov;26(11):2009-17. doi: 10.1007/s00467-011-1906-x. Epub 2011 May 8. — View Citation

Lopez-Rivera E, Liu YP, Verbitsky M, Anderson BR, Capone VP, Otto EA, Yan Z, Mitrotti A, Martino J, Steers NJ, Fasel DA, Vukojevic K, Deng R, Racedo SE, Liu Q, Werth M, Westland R, Vivante A, Makar GS, Bodria M, Sampson MG, Gillies CE, Vega-Warner V, Maio — View Citation

Madueme PC, Ng DK, Guju L, Longshore L, Moore V, Jefferies L, Warady BA, Furth S, Mitsnefes M. Aortic dilatation in children with mild to moderate chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol. 2020 Jun;35(6):1023-1031. doi: 10.1007/s00467-019-04469-3. Epub 202 — View Citation

Malits J, Attina TM, Karthikraj R, Kannan K, Naidu M, Furth S, Warady BA, Vento S, Trachtman H, Trasande L. Renal Function and exposure to Bisphenol A and phthalates in children with Chronic Kidney Disease. Environ Res. 2018 Nov;167:575-582. doi: 10.1016/ — View Citation

McLeod DJ, Sebastiao YV, Ching CB, Greenberg JH, Furth SL, Becknell B. Longitudinal kidney injury biomarker trajectories in children with obstructive uropathy. Pediatr Nephrol. 2020 Oct;35(10):1907-1914. doi: 10.1007/s00467-020-04602-7. Epub 2020 May 22. — View Citation

Mendley SR, Matheson MB, Shinnar S, Lande MB, Gerson AC, Butler RW, Warady BA, Furth SL, Hooper SR. Duration of chronic kidney disease reduces attention and executive function in pediatric patients. Kidney Int. 2015 Apr;87(4):800-6. doi: 10.1038/ki.2014.3 — View Citation

Menon G, Pierce CB, Ng DK; CKiD Study Investigators. Revisiting the Application of an Adult Kidney Failure Risk Prediction Equation to Children With CKD. Am J Kidney Dis. 2023 Jun;81(6):734-737. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2022.11.004. Epub 2022 Dec 28. No abstra — View Citation

Mitsnefes M, Flynn J, Cohn S, Samuels J, Blydt-Hansen T, Saland J, Kimball T, Furth S, Warady B; CKiD Study Group. Masked hypertension associates with left ventricular hypertrophy in children with CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010 Jan;21(1):137-44. doi: 10.1681 — View Citation

Mitsnefes M, Scherer PE, Friedman LA, Gordillo R, Furth S, Warady BA; CKiD study group. Ceramides and cardiac function in children with chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol. 2014 Mar;29(3):415-22. doi: 10.1007/s00467-013-2642-1. Epub 2014 Jan 5. — View Citation

Mitsnefes MM, Betoko A, Schneider MF, Salusky IB, Wolf MS, Juppner H, Warady BA, Furth SL, Portale AA. FGF23 and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Children with CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2018 Jan 6;13(1):45-52. doi: 10.2215/CJN.02110217. Epub 2017 Oct 12. — View Citation

Mitsnefes MM, Pierce C, Flynn J, Samuels J, Dionne J, Furth S, Warady B; CKiD study group. Can office blood pressure readings predict masked hypertension? Pediatr Nephrol. 2016 Jan;31(1):163-6. doi: 10.1007/s00467-015-3212-5. Epub 2015 Sep 28. — View Citation

Mitsnefes MM, Xu Y, Ng DK, Hill G, Kimball T, Furth SL, Warady BA. Diastolic Function and Ambulatory Hypertension in Children With Chronic Kidney Disease. Hypertension. 2021 Nov;78(5):1347-1354. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.17449. Epub 2021 Oct 4. — View Citation

Molino AR, Jerry-Fluker J, Atkinson MA, Furth SL, Warady BA, Ng DK. Alcohol, cigarette, e-cigarette and marijuana use among adolescents and young adults with chronic kidney disease in North America. Ann Epidemiol. 2021 Jul;59:56-63. doi: 10.1016/j.annepid — View Citation

Molino AR, Jerry-Fluker J, Atkinson MA, Furth SL, Warady BA, Ng DK. The association of alcohol, cigarette, e-cigarette, and marijuana use with disease severity in adolescents and young adults with pediatric chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol. 2021 Au — View Citation

Molino AR, Minnick MLG, Jerry-Fluker J, Karita Muiru J, Boynton SA, Furth SL, Warady BA, Ng DK; Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Study. Health and Dental Insurance and Health Care Utilization Among Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults With CKD: Findi — View Citation

Nehus E, Furth S, Warady B, Mitsnefes M. Correlates of resistin in children with chronic kidney disease: the chronic kidney disease in children cohort. J Pediatr. 2012 Aug;161(2):276-80. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.01.055. Epub 2012 Mar 14. — View Citation

Ng DK, Antiporta DA, Matheson MB, Munoz A. Nonparametric Assessment of Differences Between Competing Risk Hazard Ratios: Application to Racial Differences in Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Progression. Clin Epidemiol. 2020 Jan 20;12:83-93. doi: 10.2147/ — View Citation

Ng DK, Carroll MK, Furth SL, Warady BA, Flynn JT; CKiD Study Investigators. Blood Pressure Classification Status in Children With CKD Following Adoption of the 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics Guideline. Am J Kidney Dis. 2023 May;81(5):545-553. doi: 10 — View Citation

Ng DK, Carroll MK, Kaskel FJ, Furth SL, Warady BA, Greenbaum LA. Patterns of recombinant growth hormone therapy use and growth responses among children with chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol. 2021 Dec;36(12):3905-3913. doi: 10.1007/s00467-021-05122- — View Citation

Ng DK, Furth SL, Warady BA, Crews DC, Seegmiller JC, Schwartz GJ; CKiD Study Investigators. Self-reported Race, Serum Creatinine, Cystatin C, and GFR in Children and Young Adults With Pediatric Kidney Diseases: A Report From the Chronic Kidney Disease in — View Citation

Ng DK, Matheson MB, Warady BA, Mendley SR, Furth SL, Munoz A. Incidence of Initial Renal Replacement Therapy Over the Course of Kidney Disease in Children. Am J Epidemiol. 2019 Dec 31;188(12):2156-2164. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwz220. — View Citation

Ng DK, Moxey-Mims M, Warady BA, Furth SL, Munoz A. Racial differences in renal replacement therapy initiation among children with a nonglomerular cause of chronic kidney disease. Ann Epidemiol. 2016 Nov;26(11):780-787.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2016.09. — View Citation

Ng DK, Pierce CB. Kidney Disease Progression in Children and Young Adults With Pediatric CKD: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Clinical Applications. Semin Nephrol. 2021 Sep;41(5):405-415. doi: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2021.09.002. — View Citation

Ng DK, Portale AA, Furth SL, Warady BA, Munoz A. Time-varying coefficient of determination to quantify the explanatory power of biomarkers on longitudinal GFR among children with chronic kidney disease. Ann Epidemiol. 2018 Aug;28(8):549-556. doi: 10.1016/ — View Citation

Ng DK, Robertson CC, Woroniecki RP, Limou S, Gillies CE, Reidy KJ, Winkler CA, Hingorani S, Gibson KL, Hjorten R, Sethna CB, Kopp JB, Moxey-Mims M, Furth SL, Warady BA, Kretzler M, Sedor JR, Kaskel FJ, Sampson MG. APOL1-associated glomerular disease among — View Citation

Ng DK, Schwartz GJ, Jacobson LP, Palella FJ, Margolick JB, Warady BA, Furth SL, Munoz A. Universal GFR determination based on two time points during plasma iohexol disappearance. Kidney Int. 2011 Aug;80(4):423-30. doi: 10.1038/ki.2011.155. Epub 2011 Jun 8. — View Citation

Ng DK, Schwartz GJ, Schneider MF, Furth SL, Warady BA. Combination of pediatric and adult formulas yield valid glomerular filtration rate estimates in young adults with a history of pediatric chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2018 Jul;94(1):170-177. doi — View Citation

Ng DK, Schwartz GJ, Warady BA, Furth SL, Munoz A. Relationships of Measured Iohexol GFR and Estimated GFR With CKD-Related Biomarkers in Children and Adolescents. Am J Kidney Dis. 2017 Sep;70(3):397-405. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2017.03.019. Epub 2017 May 24. — View Citation

Ng DK, Xu Y, Hogan J, Saland JM, Greenbaum LA, Furth SL, Warady BA, Wong CS. Timing of patient-reported renal replacement therapy planning discussions by disease severity among children and young adults with chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol. 2020 O — View Citation

Omoloja A, Jerry-Fluker J, Ng DK, Abraham AG, Furth S, Warady BA, Mitsnefes M. Secondhand smoke exposure is associated with proteinuria in children with chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol. 2013 Aug;28(8):1243-51. doi: 10.1007/s00467-013-2456-1. Epub — View Citation

Patel HP, Saland JM, Ng DK, Jiang S, Warady BA, Furth SL, Flynn JT. Waist Circumference and Body Mass Index in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease and Metabolic, Cardiovascular, and Renal Outcomes. J Pediatr. 2017 Dec;191:133-139. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.20 — View Citation

Pierce CB, Cox C, Saland JM, Furth SL, Munoz A. Methods for characterizing differences in longitudinal glomerular filtration rate changes between children with glomerular chronic kidney disease and those with nonglomerular chronic kidney disease. Am J Epidemiol. 2011 Sep 1;174(5):604-12. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwr121. Epub 2011 Aug 9. — View Citation

Pierce CB, Munoz A, Ng DK, Warady BA, Furth SL, Schwartz GJ. Age- and sex-dependent clinical equations to estimate glomerular filtration rates in children and young adults with chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2021 Apr;99(4):948-956. doi: 10.1016/j.kin — View Citation

Portale AA, Wolf M, Juppner H, Messinger S, Kumar J, Wesseling-Perry K, Schwartz GJ, Furth SL, Warady BA, Salusky IB. Disordered FGF23 and mineral metabolism in children with CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2014 Feb;9(2):344-53. doi: 10.2215/CJN.05840513. Epu — View Citation

Portale AA, Wolf MS, Messinger S, Perwad F, Juppner H, Warady BA, Furth SL, Salusky IB. Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 and Risk of CKD Progression in Children. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2016 Nov 7;11(11):1989-1998. doi: 10.2215/CJN.02110216. Epub 2016 Aug 25. — View Citation

Reynolds BC, Roem JL, Ng DKS, Matsuda-Abedini M, Flynn JT, Furth SL, Warady BA, Parekh RS. Association of Time-Varying Blood Pressure With Chronic Kidney Disease Progression in Children. JAMA Netw Open. 2020 Feb 5;3(2):e1921213. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkop — View Citation

Ricardo AC, Pereira LN, Betoko A, Goh V, Amarah A, Warady BA, Moxey-Mims M, Furth S, Lash JP; Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) Cohort Investigators. Parental health literacy and progression of chronic kidney disease in children. Pediatr Nephrol. — View Citation

Richardson KL, Weaver DJ Jr, Ng DK, Carroll MK, Furth SL, Warady BA, Flynn JT. L-type calcium channel blocker use and proteinuria among children with chronic kidney diseases. Pediatr Nephrol. 2021 Aug;36(8):2411-2419. doi: 10.1007/s00467-021-04967-3. Epub — View Citation

Rodenbach KE, Schneider MF, Furth SL, Moxey-Mims MM, Mitsnefes MM, Weaver DJ, Warady BA, Schwartz GJ. Hyperuricemia and Progression of CKD in Children and Adolescents: The Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) Cohort Study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2015 Dec;6 — View Citation

Rodig NM, McDermott KC, Schneider MF, Hotchkiss HM, Yadin O, Seikaly MG, Furth SL, Warady BA. Growth in children with chronic kidney disease: a report from the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Study. Pediatr Nephrol. 2014 Oct;29(10):1987-95. doi: 10.100 — View Citation

Rodig NM, Roem J, Schneider MF, Seo-Mayer PW, Reidy KJ, Kaskel FJ, Kogon AJ, Furth SL, Warady BA. Longitudinal outcomes of body mass index in overweight and obese children with chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol. 2021 Jul;36(7):1851-1860. doi: 10.100 — View Citation

Roumelioti ME, Wentz A, Schneider MF, Gerson AC, Hooper S, Benfield M, Warady BA, Furth SL, Unruh ML. Sleep and fatigue symptoms in children and adolescents with CKD: a cross-sectional analysis from the chronic kidney disease in children (CKiD) study. Am — View Citation

Ruebner RL, Hooper SR, Parrish C, Furth SL, Fadrowski JJ. Environmental lead exposure is associated with neurocognitive dysfunction in children with chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol. 2019 Nov;34(11):2371-2379. doi: 10.1007/s00467-019-04306-7. Epub — View Citation

Ruebner RL, Ng D, Mitsnefes M, Foster BJ, Meyers K, Warady B, Furth SL. Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Girls and Boys With CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2016 Nov 7;11(11):1962-1968. doi: 10.2215/CJN.01270216. Epub 20 — View Citation

Saland JM, Kupferman JC, Pierce CB, Flynn JT, Mitsnefes MM, Warady BA, Furth SL. Change in Dyslipidemia with Declining Glomerular Filtration Rate and Increasing Proteinuria in Children with CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2019 Dec 6;14(12):1711-1718. doi: 10. — View Citation

Saland JM, Pierce CB, Mitsnefes MM, Flynn JT, Goebel J, Kupferman JC, Warady BA, Furth SL; CKiD Investigators. Dyslipidemia in children with chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2010 Dec;78(11):1154-63. doi: 10.1038/ki.2010.311. Epub 2010 Aug 25. — View Citation

Samuels J, Ng D, Flynn JT, Mitsnefes M, Poffenbarger T, Warady BA, Furth S; Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Study Group. Ambulatory blood pressure patterns in children with chronic kidney disease. Hypertension. 2012 Jul;60(1):43-50. doi: 10.1161/HYPERT — View Citation

Sandokji I, Greenberg JH. Plasma and Urine Biomarkers of CKD: A Review of Findings in the CKiD Study. Semin Nephrol. 2021 Sep;41(5):416-426. doi: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2021.09.003. — View Citation

Savant JD, Betoko A, Meyers KE, Mitsnefes M, Flynn JT, Townsend RR, Greenbaum LA, Dart A, Warady B, Furth SL. Vascular Stiffness in Children With Chronic Kidney Disease. Hypertension. 2017 May;69(5):863-869. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.07653. Epub 20 — View Citation

Schneider MF, Munoz A, Ku E, Warady BA, Furth SL, Schwartz GJ. Estimation of Albumin-Creatinine Ratio From Protein-Creatinine Ratio in Urine of Children and Adolescents With CKD. Am J Kidney Dis. 2021 May;77(5):824-827. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.07.015. Ep — View Citation

Schwartz GJ, Abraham AG, Furth SL, Warady BA, Munoz A. Optimizing iohexol plasma disappearance curves to measure the glomerular filtration rate in children with chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2010 Jan;77(1):65-71. doi: 10.1038/ki.2009.398. — View Citation

Schwartz GJ, Cox C, Seegmiller JC, Maier PS, DiManno D, Furth SL, Warady BA, Munoz A. Recalibration of cystatin C using standardized material in Siemens nephelometers. Pediatr Nephrol. 2020 Feb;35(2):279-285. doi: 10.1007/s00467-019-04389-2. Epub 2019 Nov 3. — View Citation

Schwartz GJ, Furth S, Cole SR, Warady B, Munoz A. Glomerular filtration rate via plasma iohexol disappearance: pilot study for chronic kidney disease in children. Kidney Int. 2006 Jun;69(11):2070-7. doi: 10.1038/sj.ki.5000385. — View Citation

Schwartz GJ, Kwong T, Erway B, Warady B, Sokoll L, Hellerstein S, Dharnidharka V, Furth S, Munoz A. Validation of creatinine assays utilizing HPLC and IDMS traceable standards in sera of children. Pediatr Nephrol. 2009 Jan;24(1):113-9. doi: 10.1007/s00467-008-0957-0. Epub 2008 Sep 4. — View Citation

Schwartz GJ, Munoz A, Schneider MF, Mak RH, Kaskel F, Warady BA, Furth SL. New equations to estimate GFR in children with CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009 Mar;20(3):629-37. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2008030287. Epub 2009 Jan 21. — View Citation

Schwartz GJ, Roem JL, Hooper SR, Furth SL, Weaver DJ Jr, Warady BA, Schneider MF. Longitudinal changes in uric acid concentration and their relationship with chronic kidney disease progression in children and adolescents. Pediatr Nephrol. 2023 Feb;38(2):4 — View Citation

Schwartz GJ, Schneider MF, Maier PS, Moxey-Mims M, Dharnidharka VR, Warady BA, Furth SL, Munoz A. Improved equations estimating GFR in children with chronic kidney disease using an immunonephelometric determination of cystatin C. Kidney Int. 2012 Aug;82(4):445-53. doi: 10.1038/ki.2012.169. — View Citation

Schwartz GJ, Wang H, Erway B, Nordin G, Seegmiller J, Lieske JC, Back SE, Miller WG, Eckfeldt JH. Multicenter Laboratory Comparison of Iohexol Measurement. J Appl Lab Med. 2018 Mar;2(5):711-724. doi: 10.1373/jalm.2017.024240. — View Citation

Sethna CB, Ng DK, Jiang S, Saland J, Warady BA, Furth S, Meyers KE. Cardiovascular disease risk among children with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: a report from the chronic kidney disease in children study. Pediatr Nephrol. 2019 Aug;34(8):1403-1412. — View Citation

Sgambat K, Matheson MB, Hooper SR, Warady B, Furth S, Moudgil A. Prevalence and outcomes of fragility: a frailty-inflammation phenotype in children with chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol. 2019 Dec;34(12):2563-2569. doi: 10.1007/s00467-019-04313-8. E — View Citation

Sgambat K, Roem J, Brady TM, Flynn JT, Mitsnefes M, Samuels JA, Warady BA, Furth SL, Moudgil A. Social Determinants of Cardiovascular Health in African American Children With CKD: An Analysis of the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) Study. Am J Ki — View Citation

Sgambat K, Roem J, Mitsnefes M, Portale AA, Furth S, Warady B, Moudgil A. Waist-to-height ratio, body mass index, and cardiovascular risk profile in children with chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol. 2018 Sep;33(9):1577-1583. doi: 10.1007/s00467-018-3 — View Citation

Shah LN, Matheson MB, Furth SL, Schwartz GJ, Warady BA, Wong CJ. Low variability of plant protein intake in the CKiD cohort does not demonstrate changes in estimated GFR nor electrolyte balance. Pediatr Nephrol. 2022 Jul;37(7):1647-1655. doi: 10.1007/s004 — View Citation

Singh NS, Johnson RJ, Matheson MB, Carlson J, Hooper SR, Warady BA. A longitudinal analysis of the effect of anemia on executive functions in children with mild to moderate chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol. 2023 Mar;38(3):829-837. doi: 10.1007/s004 — View Citation

Staples A, Wong C, Schwartz GJ. Iohexol-measured glomerular filtration rate in children and adolescents with chronic kidney disease: a pilot study comparing venous and finger stick methods. Pediatr Nephrol. 2019 Mar;34(3):459-464. doi: 10.1007/s00467-018- — View Citation

Thomas R, Sanna-Cherchi S, Warady BA, Furth SL, Kaskel FJ, Gharavi AG. HNF1B and PAX2 mutations are a common cause of renal hypodysplasia in the CKiD cohort. Pediatr Nephrol. 2011 Jun;26(6):897-903. doi: 10.1007/s00467-011-1826-9. Epub 2011 Mar 5. — View Citation

Verbitsky M, Kogon AJ, Matheson M, Hooper SR, Wong CS, Warady BA, Furth SL, Gharavi AG. Genomic Disorders and Neurocognitive Impairment in Pediatric CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017 Aug;28(8):2303-2309. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2016101108. Epub 2017 Mar 27. — View Citation

Verbitsky M, Krishnamurthy S, Krithivasan P, Hughes D, Khan A, Marasa M, Vena N, Khosla P, Zhang J, Lim TY, Glessner JT, Weng C, Shang N, Shen Y, Hripcsak G, Hakonarson H, Ionita-Laza I, Levy B, Kenny EE, Loos RJF, Kiryluk K, Sanna-Cherchi S, Crosslin DR, Furth S, Warady BA, Igo RP Jr, Iyengar SK, Wong CS, Parsa A, Feldman HI, Gharavi AG. Genomic Disorders in CKD across the Lifespan. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2023 Apr 1;34(4):607-618. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2022060725. Epub 2022 Oct 27. — View Citation

Verbitsky M, Krithivasan P, Batourina E, Khan A, Graham SE, Marasa M, Kim H, Lim TY, Weng PL, Sanchez-Rodriguez E, Mitrotti A, Ahram DF, Zanoni F, Fasel DA, Westland R, Sampson MG, Zhang JY, Bodria M, Kil BH, Shril S, Gesualdo L, Torri F, Scolari F, Izzi — View Citation

Verbitsky M, Sanna-Cherchi S, Fasel DA, Levy B, Kiryluk K, Wuttke M, Abraham AG, Kaskel F, Kottgen A, Warady BA, Furth SL, Wong CS, Gharavi AG. Genomic imbalances in pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease. J Clin Invest. 2015 May;125(5):2171-8. do — View Citation

Verbitsky M, Westland R, Perez A, Kiryluk K, Liu Q, Krithivasan P, Mitrotti A, Fasel DA, Batourina E, Sampson MG, Bodria M, Werth M, Kao C, Martino J, Capone VP, Vivante A, Shril S, Kil BH, Marasa M, Zhang JY, Na YJ, Lim TY, Ahram D, Weng PL, Heinzen EL, — View Citation

Viteri B, Elsingergy M, Roem J, Ng D, Warady B, Furth S, Tasian G. Ultrasound-Based Renal Parenchymal Area and Kidney Function Decline in Infants With Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract. Semin Nephrol. 2021 Sep;41(5):427-433. doi: 10.101 — View Citation

Warady BA, Abraham AG, Schwartz GJ, Wong CS, Munoz A, Betoko A, Mitsnefes M, Kaskel F, Greenbaum LA, Mak RH, Flynn J, Moxey-Mims MM, Furth S. Predictors of Rapid Progression of Glomerular and Nonglomerular Kidney Disease in Children and Adolescents: The C — View Citation

Weidemann DK, Abraham AG, Roem JL, Furth SL, Warady BA. Plasma Soluble Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor (suPAR) and CKD Progression in Children. Am J Kidney Dis. 2020 Aug;76(2):194-202. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.11.004. Epub 2020 Jan 24. — View Citation

Wilson AC, Schneider MF, Cox C, Greenbaum LA, Saland J, White CT, Furth S, Warady BA, Mitsnefes MM. Prevalence and correlates of multiple cardiovascular risk factors in children with chronic kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011 Dec;6(12):2759-65. d — View Citation

Wong CJ, Moxey-Mims M, Jerry-Fluker J, Warady BA, Furth SL. CKiD (CKD in children) prospective cohort study: a review of current findings. Am J Kidney Dis. 2012 Dec;60(6):1002-11. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2012.07.018. Epub 2012 Sep 28. — View Citation

Wong CS, Kogon AJ, Warady BA, Furth SL, Lantos JD, Wilfond BS. Ethical and Policy Considerations for Genomic Testing in Pediatric Research: The Path Toward Disclosing Individual Research Results. Am J Kidney Dis. 2019 Jun;73(6):837-845. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.01.020. Epub 2019 Mar 14. — View Citation

Wong CS, Pierce CB, Cole SR, Warady BA, Mak RH, Benador NM, Kaskel F, Furth SL, Schwartz GJ; CKiD Investigators. Association of proteinuria with race, cause of chronic kidney disease, and glomerular filtration rate in the chronic kidney disease in childre — View Citation

Woroniecki RP, Ng DK, Limou S, Winkler CA, Reidy KJ, Mitsnefes M, Sampson MG, Wong CS, Warady BA, Furth SL, Kopp JB, Kaskel FJ. Renal and Cardiovascular Morbidities Associated with APOL1 Status among African-American and Non-African-American Children with Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis. Front Pediatr. 2016 Nov 17;4:122. doi: 10.3389/fped.2016.00122. eCollection 2016. — View Citation

Wuttke M, Schaefer F, Wong CS, Kottgen A. Genome-wide association studies in nephrology: using known associations for data checks. Am J Kidney Dis. 2015 Feb;65(2):217-22. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.09.019. Epub 2014 Nov 18. — View Citation

Wuttke M, Wong CS, Wuhl E, Epting D, Luo L, Hoppmann A, Doyon A, Li Y; CKDGen Consortium; Sozeri B, Thurn D, Helmstadter M, Huber TB, Blydt-Hansen TD, Kramer-Zucker A, Mehls O, Melk A, Querfeld U, Furth SL, Warady BA, Schaefer F, Kottgen A. Genetic loci associated with renal function measures and chronic kidney disease in children: the Pediatric Investigation for Genetic Factors Linked with Renal Progression Consortium. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2016 Feb;31(2):262-9. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfv342. Epub 2015 Sep 28. — View Citation

Xu Y, Ng DK, Furth SL, Warady BA, Mitsnefes MM. Factors associated with the absence of pharmacological treatment for common modifiable complications in children with chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol. 2021 Oct;36(10):3181-3189. doi: 10.1007/s00467-0 — View Citation

Yokoyama JS, Matsuda-Abedini M, Denburg MR, Kumar J, Warady BA, Furth SL, Hooper SR, Portale AA, Perwad F. Association Between Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral Bone Disease (CKD-MBD) and Cognition in Children: Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) Study — View Citation

Zhong Y, Munoz A, Schwartz GJ, Warady BA, Furth SL, Abraham AG. Nonlinear trajectory of GFR in children before RRT. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2014 May;25(5):913-7. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2013050487. Epub 2014 Jan 2. — View Citation

* Note: There are 181 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Time to Kidney Replacement Therapy	The time to Kidney Replacement Therapy (KRT) is assessed as the date of diagnosis to the date of KRT. The exact KRT date is self-reported by the participant and confirmed by medical record abstraction.	Annually up to 5 years
Secondary	Decline in Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ml/min	Define and identify novel and traditional risk factors for the accelerated decline of GFR at regular annual study visits.	Up to 20 years

External Links

•   CKiD Website