Effect of Empagliflozin on Urinary Excretion of Adenosine and Osteocyte Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Chronic Kidney Disease stage3 Clinical Trial

Official title:

Effect of Empagliflozin on Urinary Excretion of Adenosine and on Markers of Osteocyte Function and Glomerular Damage in Diabetic and Non-diabetic Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Recruiting

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT04961931
• Other study ID #: EMPA - 1 - AMZ
• Status: Recruiting
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: January 1, 2019
• Est. completion date: August 31, 2021

Study information

• Verified date: July 2021
• Source: Medical University of Lodz
• Contact: Michal Nowicki, Prof
• Phone: +48 42 201 4400
• Email: nefro[@]wp.pl
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are the newest class of orally drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. These drugs decrease plasma glucose levels by inhibiting its reabsorption in the proximal tubules of the kidney. They have an attractive clinical efficacy profile, including glycemic control, weight loss, and lowering blood pressure. SGLT2 inhibitors have also been reported to reduce the risk of severe adverse cardiovascular events and progression of diabetic kidney disease. SGLT2 is expressed in the kidney, while its expression in other tissues is most likely negligible or absent.

SGLT2 dilates the supply vessels to the glomerulus thereby promoting hyperfiltration. In animal models SGLT2 has been shown to reduce the excretion of macular dense adenosine, which may contribute to the excessive glomerular filtration rate as a result of vasodilation of the afferent vessels. Adenosine, unlike other vascular regions, increases the tension in the walls of the vessels supplying blood to the glomerulus. The role of adenosine in humans in this regard is poorly defined, although treatment with empagliflozin has recently been shown to increase the urinary excretion of adenosine in type 1 diabetic patients with controlled hyperglycemia. Our working hypothesis is that the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin may reduce the hyperfiltration of residual nephrons by increasing adenosine production, which affects the contraction of the afferent arterioles, and this effect occurs in various types of nephropathy.

In addition, it has been described that SGLT2 inhibitors may affect individual parameters of calcium-phosphate metabolism, leading to changes in bone mineral density and an increase in bone resorption marker SGLT2 inhibitors also stimulate renal, proximal phosphate reabsorption. Increased phosphate reabsorption triggers the secretion of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). FGF23 inhibits the production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (the biologically active form of vitamin D), which reduces the absorption of calcium from the gastrointestinal tract, thereby stimulating the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH). In the conducted studies, it was found that SGLT2 inhibitors increase the concentration of serum phosphorus, FGF23 in the plasma and PTH in the plasma, while lowering the level of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.

Description:

The study will be prospective, interventional and will be conducted in two parallel groups selected on the basis of clinical diagnosis. It is planned to enroll 60 patients aged 18-70 years under outpatient nephrological care, with impaired excretory function of the kidneys (eGFR 20-60 ml / min / 1.73 m3), with proteinuria above 0.5-3 g / l in the morning urine sample , including 30 nondiabetic and 30 diabetic patients t.2 and 20 healthy control subjects (no microalbuminuria and no impaired renal function with eGFR> 90 ml / min / 1.73m3). After the patients are familiarized with the objectives of the study and the informed consent signed, the following procedures will be performed.

After signing the consent, basic biochemical tests will be performed in both groups to assess the concentration of protein, albumin, calcium, phosphate, adenosine and creatinine in the morning urine sample, creatinine, calcium, phosphate, PTH, bacterial alkaline phosphatase (BAP), 1.25 vitamin D, sclerostins, FGF23, serum Klotho proteins, eGFR, plasma glucose. The tests will be repeated after 7 days of taking empagliflozin in a dose of 10 mg a day. On days 1 and 7, patients will be given an intravenous glucose 5% solution at a dose of 240 mg glucose / kg body weight in the first 15 minutes to induce a controlled hyperglycaemia state in the first 15 minutes, this will increase their blood glucose by 125 mg / dL in 15 minutes followed by 10-12 mg glucose / kg body weight, under glycemic control to maintain a concentration of 200 mg / dL ± 5% for 120 minutes. Stability of serum glucose levels during this period will be maintained by adjusting the rate of intravenous glucose infusion based on blood glucose measurements, every 15 minutes. After 2 hours of infusion, additional blood will be drawn for the determination of glucose and renal parameters and after 100 ml of urine for determination. adenosine, albumin and creatinine concentrations. In healthy subjects from the control group, the above basic blood and urine biochemical tests will be performed once.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Recruiting
• Enrollment: 45
• Est. completion date: August 31, 2021
• Est. primary completion date: August 31, 2021
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years to 70 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• type 2 diabetes complicated by diabetic nephropathy (first group), non-diabetic nephropathy (second group) or healthy subjects

• Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or antagonists of angiotensin receptor blockers in the stable dose for the 4 months

• age 18 - 70 years

• stable clinical condition for the last 3 months

• GFR 25-60 ml / min / 1.73 m2

• proteinuria 0.5-3 g / day

Exclusion Criteria:

• diabetes mellitus other than t.2

• have taken SGLT2 inhibitors in the last 4 weeks or have ever had an intolerance to SGLT2 inhibitors in the past

• acute kidney damage

• systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg

• Cancer

• acute inflammation

• liver failure

• heart failure> 2. NYHA grade

• pregnancy

• patients with impaired consciousness and testers with insufficient management in the past.

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Chronic Kidney Disease stage3
• Kidney Diseases
• Renal Insufficiency, Chronic

Intervention

Drug:
• Empagliflozin 10 MG
After qualifying for the study all subjects received oral empagliflozin 10 mg once daily for 7 days.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Poland	Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation	Lódz

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Medical University of Lodz

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Poland, 

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	albuminuria	ratio of albumin to creatinine in urine in mg/g	7 days
Primary	serum calcium concentration	serum calcium level in mmol/l	7 days
Primary	urine calcium concentration	level of calcium in urine in mmol/l	7 days
Primary	urine adenosine	adenosine in urine in µmol/mmol creatinine	7 days
Primary	urine phosphorus concetration	serum phosphorus level in mmol/l	7 days
Primary	serum Fibroblast growth factor 23 concentration	serum Fibroblast growth factor 23 level in pg/ml	7 days
Primary	serum parathormone concentration	serum parathormone level in pg/ml	7 days
Primary	serum Klotho concentration	serum Klotho level in ng/ml	7 days
Primary	serum Bone alkaline phosphatase concentration	serum Bone alkaline phosphatase level in µg/l	7 days
Primary	serum 1,25(OH)2D concentration	serum 1,25(OH)2D level in pg/ml	7 days
Primary	serum sclerostin concentration	serum sclerostin level in pmol/l	7 days
Primary	urine phosphorus concetration	phosphorus in urine in mmol/l	7 days