Cardiac Arrest — Prognostic Value of Plasma Mitochondrial DNA and Cytochrome C After Cardiac Arrest
Citation(s)
Arnalich F, Codoceo R, Lopez-Collazo E, Montiel C Circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA: a better early prognostic marker in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2012 Jul;83(7):e162-3. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2012.03.032. Epub 2012 Apr 7. No abstract available.
Girotra S, Chan PS, Bradley SM Post-resuscitation care following out-of-hospital and in-hospital cardiac arrest. Heart. 2015 Dec;101(24):1943-9. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2015-307450. Epub 2015 Sep 18.
Greer DM, Rosenthal ES, Wu O Neuroprognostication of hypoxic-ischaemic coma in the therapeutic hypothermia era. Nat Rev Neurol. 2014 Apr;10(4):190-203. doi: 10.1038/nrneurol.2014.36. Epub 2014 Mar 11.
Nakahira K, Hisata S, Choi AM The Roles of Mitochondrial Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns in Diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2015 Dec 10;23(17):1329-50. doi: 10.1089/ars.2015.6407. Epub 2015 Aug 17.
Rodrigues Filho EM, Ikuta N, Simon D, Regner AP Prognostic value of circulating DNA levels in critically ill and trauma patients. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva. 2014 Jul-Sep;26(3):305-12. doi: 10.5935/0103-507x.20140043.
Prognostic Value of Plasma Mitochondrial DNA and Cytochrome C After Cardiac Arrest
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
