Carlson LE, Ursuliak Z, Goodey E, Angen M, Speca M The effects of a mindfulness meditation-based stress reduction program on mood and symptoms of stress in cancer outpatients: 6-month follow-up. Support Care Cancer. 2001 Mar;9(2):112-23.
Craske MG, Barlow DH (2007). Mastery of your anxiety and panic: Therapist guide (2nd Ed). New York, NY: Oxford University Press
Hofmann SG, Sawyer AT, Witt AA, Oh D The effect of mindfulness-based therapy on anxiety and depression: A meta-analytic review. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2010 Apr;78(2):169-83. doi: 10.1037/a0018555.
Kabat-Zinn J (1990) Full catastrophe living: Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain and illness. New York: Delacourt.
Ledesma D, Kumano H Mindfulness-based stress reduction and cancer: a meta-analysis. Psychooncology. 2009 Jun;18(6):571-9. doi: 10.1002/pon.1400.
Nyklícek I, Dijksman SC, Lenders PJ, Fonteijn WA, Koolen JJ A brief mindfulness based intervention for increase in emotional well-being and quality of life in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) patients: the MindfulHeart randomized controlled trial. J Behav Med. 2014 Feb;37(1):135-44. doi: 10.1007/s10865-012-9475-4. Epub 2012 Nov 23.
Nyklícek I, Kuijpers KF Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention on psychological well-being and quality of life: is increased mindfulness indeed the mechanism? Ann Behav Med. 2008 Jun;35(3):331-40. doi: 10.1007/s12160-008-9030-2. Epub 2008 Jun 6.
Roth B, Robbins D Mindfulness-based stress reduction and health-related quality of life: findings from a bilingual inner-city patient population. Psychosom Med. 2004 Jan-Feb;66(1):113-23.
Speca M, Carlson LE, Goodey E, Angen M A randomized, wait-list controlled clinical trial: the effect of a mindfulness meditation-based stress reduction program on mood and symptoms of stress in cancer outpatients. Psychosom Med. 2000 Sep-Oct;62(5):613-22.
Yu SB, Hu W, Zhao QY, Qin M, Huang H, Cui HY, Huang CX Effect of anxiety and depression on the recurrence of persistent atrial fibrillation after circumferential pulmonary vein ablation. Chin Med J (Engl). 2012 Dec;125(24):4368-72.
Atrial Fibrillation, Cardiac Symptoms, and Anxiety
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
