Effects of Ketogenic Diet on Body Composition and Performance in Soccer Players

Athletic Performance Clinical Trial

Official title:

Effects of a Very Low Carbohydrate Ketogenic Diet on Body Composition, Muscle Strength, Muscle Area, Metabolism and Performance in Semi-professional Soccer Players

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT04078971
• Other study ID #: KDsoccer
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: May 2, 2018
• Est. completion date: December 15, 2018

Study information

• Verified date: September 2019
• Source: University of Padova
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

A ketogenic diet (KD) is a nutritional approach, usually adopted for weight loss, that restricts daily carbohydrates under 30 g/day. KD showed contradictory results on sport performance, whilst no data are available on team sports. The investigators will investigate the influence of a KD on different parameters in soccer players

Description:

Sixteen semi-professional soccer players will be randomly assigned to a ketogenic diet (KD n=8) or to a western diet (WD n=8). Diets contain the same amount of protein (1.8g/Kg body weight/day). Body weight and body composition will be measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Resting energy expenditure (REE), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), cross sectional area (CSA) and isometric muscle strength of quadriceps, counter movement jump (CMJ) and yoyo intermittent recovery test will be measured.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 16
• Est. completion date: December 15, 2018
• Est. primary completion date: October 30, 2018
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: Male
• Age group: 18 Years to 30 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria

• semiprofessional soccer players

• male

Exclusion Criteria:

• body fat percentage over 32%, (determined via dual energy X-ray absorptiometry DEXA),

• cardiovascular,

• respiratory, gastrointestinal,

• thyroid or any other metabolic diseases,

• weight change more than 2 Kg over the last month,

• adherence to special diets,

• use of nutritional supplements (except a daily multivitamin-mineral)

• use of medication to control blood lipids or glucose and goal-keepers.

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Athletic Performance

Intervention

Other:
• Western diet
Subjects in this intervention will follow a normal western diet
• ketogenic diet
Subjects in this group will follow a low carbohydrate ketogenic diet

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Italy	Nutrition and Exercise Lab, DSB, University of Padova	Padova

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Antonio Paoli

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Italy, 

References & Publications (3)

Paoli A, Bianco A, Grimaldi KA. The Ketogenic Diet and Sport: A Possible Marriage? Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2015 Jul;43(3):153-62. doi: 10.1249/JES.0000000000000050. Review. — View Citation

Paoli A, Grimaldi K, D'Agostino D, Cenci L, Moro T, Bianco A, Palma A. Ketogenic diet does not affect strength performance in elite artistic gymnasts. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2012 Jul 26;9(1):34. doi: 10.1186/1550-2783-9-34. — View Citation

Rubini A, Bosco G, Lodi A, Cenci L, Parmagnani A, Grimaldi K, Zhongjin Y, Paoli A. Erratum to: Effects of Twenty Days of the Ketogenic Diet on Metabolic and Respiratory Parameters in Healthy Subjects. Lung. 2017 Feb;195(1):155. doi: 10.1007/s00408-016-9958-0. — View Citation

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Fat body mass	Body composition with DEXA: we measure body fat mass in grams.	4 weeks
Primary	lean body mass	Body composition with DEXA: we measure lean body mass in grams.	4 weeks
Primary	Visceral Adipose tissue (VAT)	Body composition with DEXA: VAT in grams	4 weeks
Primary	Total body water	We will use a BIA to calculate totally body water and intracellular and extracellular water in liters	4 weeks
Secondary	resting energy expenditure (REE)	Measured through gas analyzer in ml/02/kg min	4 weeks
Secondary	respiratory ratio (RR)	Measured through gas analyses (ratio between CO2 and O2)	4 weeks
Secondary	specific performance	Yoyo intermittent recovery test level 1: in seconds	4 weeks
Secondary	lower limb power	squat jump test: height of the jump in cm	4 weeks
Secondary	quadriceps muscle area	muscle area measured in cm2 through ultrasound	4 weeks
Secondary	quadriceps muscle thickness	muscle thickness measured cm through ultrasound	4 weeks
Secondary	quadriceps strength	isometric contraction measured in N, the normalized per muscle area (N x cm2)	4 weeks
Secondary	quadriceps strength per area	the strength of isometric contraction (outcome 10) normalized per muscle area (Outcome 7). Expressed as (N x cm2)	4 weeks