Combined Land- and Water-Based Core and Lower Extremity Strength Training in Improving the Jump Performance Among Volleyball and Basketball Players

Athletes Clinical Trial

Official title:

Combined Land- and Water-Based Core and Lower Extremity Strength Training in Improving the Jump Performance Among Volleyball and Basketball Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT06412809
• Other study ID #: PT-001
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: April 26, 2024
• Est. completion date: May 17, 2024

Study information

• Verified date: May 2024
• Source: Mariano Marcos State University
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Given conflicting studies regarding the effect of land-based and water-based training on the jump performance of volleyball and basketball players, a randomized controlled trial is conducted. This study hypothesizes that combined land- and water-based core and lower strength training significantly increase jump performance of volleyball and basketball players in comparison to either land- and/or water-based training alone.

Description:

Numerous studies focused on the effect of sole land- or water-based exercise training to improve either core and/or lower extremities alone, which could result in improved jump performance. With the continuously increasing popularity of volleyball and basketball, where players get better and better, competition in these fields is also heightened. Hence, identifying other methods to improve game performance, such as improving muscle strength and jump performance can be explored to contribute to the existing literature and could benefit the volleyball and basketball players themselves, trainers/coaches, universities competing in sports competitions locally, nationally, and even internationally, and to physical therapists who are venturing to sports physical therapy.

The study then seeks to investigate whether combined land- and water-based exercises targeting the core and lower extremity muscle strength can enhance the jump performance of basketball and volleyball players. With this, a three-arm, single-blinded randomized controlled trial is being conducted among basketball and volleyball players. Participants are grouped into combined land- and water-based exercise, land-based exercise, and water-based exercise.

To proceed with the implementation, the researchers acquired ethical clearance from the MMSU Ethics and Review Board. Recruitment of participants happened within a University at Ilocos Norte, Philippines. Acquisition of informed consent was done before other screening procedures to identify the eligibility of participants to participate in the study. Eligible participants were randomized accordingly to either the three (3) aforementioned groups.

The exercises implemented in each group are based on existing literature regarding their effect on either the core or lower extremity strength, and combined to create a new and applicable exercise program, These exercise programs were also verified applicable by two licensed physical therapists who are also well-versed in strength training protocols. The participants are being trained accordingly one hour/day, three days/week for two consecutive weeks.

As to the pre-and post-test measurements of the primary and secondary outcomes, assessment is done by two independent licensed physical therapists who are blinded to the participants and interventions. Moreover, the assessors are well-versed in the assessment of the different outcome measurements (Plank core strength test, 1RM, 10-meter Sprint Test, Margaria-Kalaman Power Test) and in using the MyJump Lab Mobile App, duly purchased by the researchers, used for the assessment of countermovement jump and squat jump.

The SPSS version 22 will be used for data analysis by an independent statistician. Descriptive and comparative statistics will be used to analyze all data within- and between-groups, respectively. For the descriptive statistics, frequency, percentages, mean, and standard deviation will be utilized, while the two-way ANOVA and/or the paired T-test will be utilized for the comparative statistics.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 21
• Est. completion date: May 17, 2024
• Est. primary completion date: May 12, 2024
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years to 24 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria. Volleyball and basketball players, specifically who:

• are at least 18 years-old,

• are enrolled in an Ilocos-based university during the second semester of academic year 2023-2024,

• played in at least one (1) official university-wide game,

• are physically prepared for the training, which is identified using the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnare for Everyone (PAR-Q+), and

• have provided informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria: Volleyball and basketball players who:

• sustained injuries within 6 weeks before the start of the study,

• have uncontrolled angina, uncontrolled hypertension, uncontrolled dysrhythmias, recent history of congestive heart failure, and/or severe aortic valve disease,

• has condition/s that is/are contraindicated for pool therapy such as open wounds, skin infections, high fever, incontinence, fear of water, etc.,

• answered "Yes" to at least one question from the PAR-Q+; and

• declined to participate.

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Athletes

Intervention

Other:
• Combined Land- and Water-Based Exercise
Strengthening exercises targeting the core and lower extremities (quadriceps, hamstring, and gastrocnemius) were implemented both on land and in water. The exercises are done for approximately one hour/day, three days/week for two consecutive weeks. The following are the included exercises: Land-based exercise: Plank exercise Russian twist Push-up Goblet squat Kettle bell swing Water-based exercise: Flutter kicks Isometric core crunches Jump lunges Kicks Resisted knee flexion
• Land-Based Exercise
Strengthening exercises targeting the core and lower extremities (quadriceps, hamstring, and gastrocnemius) were implemented on land. The exercises are done for approximately one hour/day, three days/week for two consecutive weeks. The following are the included exercises: Plank exercise Russian twist Dead bug Push-up Goblet squat Nordic hamstring curl Lunges Kettle bell swing Calf raises Bird dog
• Water-Based Exercise
Strengthening exercises targeting the core and lower extremities (quadriceps, hamstring, and gastrocnemius) were implemented in the water. The exercises are done for approximately one hour/day, three days/week for two consecutive weeks. The following are the included exercises: Core pulls Flutter kicks Water cycling Isometric core crunches Seated push-up Jump squats Jump lunges Kicks Ankle jumps Resisted knee flexion

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Philippines	Mariano Marcos State University	Batac	Il

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Mariano Marcos State University

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Philippines, 

References & Publications (15)

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Bishop C, Jarvis P, Turner A, Balsalobre-Fernandez C. Validity and Reliability of Strategy Metrics to Assess Countermovement Jump Performance using the Newly Developed My Jump Lab Smartphone Application. J Hum Kinet. 2022 Sep 8;83:185-195. doi: 10.2478/hu — View Citation

Collins KS, Klawitter LA, Waldera RW, Mahoney SJ, Christensen BK. Differences in Muscle Activity and Kinetics Between the Goblet Squat and Landmine Squat in Men and Women. J Strength Cond Res. 2021 Oct 1;35(10):2661-2668. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004094 — View Citation

Cuthbert M, Ripley N, McMahon JJ, Evans M, Haff GG, Comfort P. The Effect of Nordic Hamstring Exercise Intervention Volume on Eccentric Strength and Muscle Architecture Adaptations: A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses. Sports Med. 2020 Jan;50(1):83-99. — View Citation

Dell'Antonio E, Ruschel C, Hubert M, Lucas RD, Haupenthal A, Roesler H. The Effect of Aquatic Plyometric Training on Jump Performance Including a Four-week Follow-up in Youth Female Volleyball Players. J Hum Kinet. 2022 Sep 8;83:197-205. doi: 10.2478/huki — View Citation

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TY - JOUR AU - Keiner, Michael AU - Kadlubowski, Björn AU - Hartmann, Hagen AU - Stefer, Tobias AU - Wirth, Klaus PY - 2021/05/05 SP - T1 - The Influence of Maximum Strength Performance in Squats and Standing Calf Raises on Squat Jumps, Drop Jumps, and Li

TY - JOUR AU - Roush, James AU - Heick, John AU - Genovese, Joseph AU - Kurashima, Kyle AU - Yarrington, Dallin PY - 2020/01/01 SP - T1 - Using Kinetic Energy with Potential Energy When Determining Power During the Stair Climbing Test VL - DO - 10.46743/1

TY - JOUR AU - Selvakumar, Kiruthika AU - Manoharlal, Manoj AU - Rusli, Nadia AU - Jing, Low AU - Thirruvevenkadam, Ilayaraja PY - 2021/06/01 SP - 04 EP - 10 T1 - Effectiveness of Modified Plank vs Conventional Plank on Core Muscle Endurance and Stability

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* Note: There are 15 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Vertical Jump	This outcome measure is assessed using the manual vertical reach test technique. Unit of measurement is in centimeters (cm). Pre- and post-test measurement will be gathered.	2 weeks
Primary	Countermovement Jump	This outcome measure is assessed using the MyJump Lab Application. Unit of measurement is in centimeters (cm). Pre- and post-test measurement will be gathered.	2 weeks
Primary	Squat Jump	This outcome measure is assessed using the MyJump Lab Application. Unit of measurement is in centimeters (cm). Pre- and post-test measurement will be gathered.	2 weeks
Secondary	Core Strength	Best time for plank will be assessed, measured in seconds (s). Pre- and post-test measurement will be gathered.	2 weeks
Secondary	Quadriceps-Hamstring Strength	This outcome measure used the 1RM of the participant, measured in pounds (lbs), as measurement of Quadriceps-Hamstring strength. Pre- and post-test measurement will be gathered.	2 weeks
Secondary	Gastrocnemius strength	This outcome measure will simply use the Manual Muscle Test (MMT) as the basis, using scale method as elaborated by Brown and Avers (2019)'s Manual Testing 10th edition. Pre- and post-test measurement will be gathered.	2 weeks