Alvarez JC, Charbit B, Grassin-Delyle S, Demolis JL, Funck-Brentano C, Abe E Human plasma quantification of droperidol and ondansetron used in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting with a LC/ESI/MS/MS method. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2011 Jan 15;879(2):186-90. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.12.001. Epub 2010 Dec 16.
Auchus RJ Steroid assays and endocrinology: best practices for basic scientists. Endocrinology. 2014 Jun;155(6):2049-51. doi: 10.1210/en.2014-7534.
Bévalot F, Gaillard Y, Lhermitte MA, Pépin G Analysis of corticosteroids in hair by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 2000 Apr 14;740(2):227-36.
Borges NC, Astigarraga RB, Sverdloff CE, Borges BC, Paiva TR, Galvinas PR, Moreno RA Budesonide quantification by HPLC coupled to atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) tandem mass spectrometry. Application to a comparative systemic bioavailability of two budesonide formulations in healthy volunteers. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2011 Feb 1;879(3-4):236-42. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.12.003. Epub 2010 Dec 13.
Buscher BA, Jägfeldt H, Sandman H, Brust-van Schaik R, van Schaik F, Brüll LP The determination of budesonide and fluticasone in human sputum samples collected from COPD patients using LC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2012 Jan 1;880(1):6-11. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.10.029. Epub 2011 Nov 16.
Cirimele V, Tracqui A, Kintz P, Ludes B First identification of prednisone in human hair by liquid chromatography-ionspray mass spectrometry. J Anal Toxicol. 1999 May-Jun;23(3):225-6.
Dalby C, Polanowski T, Larsson T, Borgström L, Edsbäcker S, Harrison TW The bioavailability and airway clearance of the steroid component of budesonide/formoterol and salmeterol/fluticasone after inhaled administration in patients with COPD and healthy subjects: a randomized controlled trial. Respir Res. 2009 Oct 31;10:104. doi: 10.1186/1465-9921-10-104.
DAVIS BK Phases of the hair-growth cycle. Nature. 1962 May 19;194:694.
Deventer K, Pozo OJ, Delbeke FT, Van Eenoo P Quantitative detection of inhaled formoterol in human urine and relevance to doping control analysis. Drug Test Anal. 2012 Jun;4(6):449-54. doi: 10.1002/dta.418. Epub 2012 Mar 22.
Duvivier WF, Peeters RJ, van Beek TA, Nielen MW Evidence based decontamination protocols for the removal of external ?9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) from contaminated hair. Forensic Sci Int. 2016 Feb;259:110-8. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.12.014. Epub 2015 Dec 19.
Fabresse N, Grassin-Delyle S, Etting I, Alvarez JC Detection and quantification of 12 anabolic steroids and analogs in human whole blood and 20 in hair using LC-HRMS/MS: application to real cases. Int J Legal Med. 2017 Jul;131(4):989-999. doi: 10.1007/s00414-017-1552-3. Epub 2017 Feb 24.
Fabresse, N (2015). Mise au point et validation d'une méthode de dosage des anabolisants stéroïdiens dans le sang et les cheveux par spectrométrie de masse haute résolution Orbitrap Application à deux cas médico-légaux, http://www.sudoc.fr/188207155: 93.
Gaillard Y, Vayssette F, Pépin G Compared interest between hair analysis and urinalysis in doping controls. Results for amphetamines, corticosteroids and anabolic steroids in racing cyclists. Forensic Sci Int. 2000 Jan 10;107(1-3):361-79.
Gamble J, Stevenson M, McClean E, Heaney LG The prevalence of nonadherence in difficult asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009 Nov 1;180(9):817-22. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200902-0166OC. Epub 2009 Jul 30.
Grassin Delyle S, Abe E, Batisse A, Tremey B, Fischler M, Devillier P, Alvarez JC A validated assay for the quantitative analysis of tranexamic acid in human serum by liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Clin Chim Acta. 2010 Mar;411(5-6):438-43. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2010.01.005. Epub 2010 Jan 11.
Grassin Delyle S, Abe E, Devillier P, Alvarez JC Determination of rimonabant in human plasma and hair by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2008 Sep 1;872(1-2):115-20. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.07.041. Epub 2008 Aug 5.
Handelsman DJ, Wartofsky L Requirement for mass spectrometry sex steroid assays in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013 Oct;98(10):3971-3. doi: 10.1210/jc.2013-3375.
Hoelzle C, Scheufler F, Uhl M, Sachs H, Thieme D Application of discriminant analysis to differentiate between incorporation of cocaine and its congeners into hair and contamination. Forensic Sci Int. 2008 Mar 21;176(1):13-8. Epub 2007 Dec 11.
Josefsson M, Sabanovic A Sample preparation on polymeric solid phase extraction sorbents for liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric analysis of human whole blood--a study on a number of beta-agonists and beta-antagonists. J Chromatogr A. 2006 Jul 7;1120(1-2):1-12. Epub 2006 Apr 4.
Juniper EF, Svensson K, Mörk AC, Ståhl E Measurement properties and interpretation of three shortened versions of the asthma control questionnaire. Respir Med. 2005 May;99(5):553-8. Epub 2004 Nov 26.
Kintz P, Cirimele V, Ludes B Pharmacological criteria that can affect the detection of doping agents in hair. Forensic Sci Int. 2000 Jan 10;107(1-3):325-34.
Kintz P Value of the concept of minimal detectable dosage in human hair. Forensic Sci Int. 2012 May 10;218(1-3):28-30. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.10.018. Epub 2011 Oct 20. Review.
Kronkvist K, Gustavsson M, Wendel AK, Jaegfeldt H Automated sample preparation for the determination of budesonide in plasma samples by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A. 1998 Oct 9;823(1-2):401-9.
Kronstrand R, Ahlner J, Dizdar N, Larson G Quantitative analysis of desmethylselegiline, methamphetamine, and amphetamine in hair and plasma from Parkinson patients on long-term selegiline medication. J Anal Toxicol. 2003 Apr;27(3):135-41.
Kronstrand R, Roman M, Hedman M, Ahlner J, Dizdar N Dose-hair concentration relationship and pigmentation effects in patients on low-dose clozapine. Forensic Sci Med Pathol. 2007 Jun;3(2):107-14. doi: 10.1007/s12024-007-0010-9. Epub 2007 May 9.
LeBeau MA, Montgomery MA, Brewer JD The role of variations in growth rate and sample collection on interpreting results of segmental analyses of hair. Forensic Sci Int. 2011 Jul 15;210(1-3):110-6. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.02.015. Epub 2011 Mar 6.
Lee KM, Kim HJ, Son J, Park JH, Kwon OS, Lee J Simple quantitation of formoterol and 11-nor-?(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid in human urine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in doping control. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2014 Sep 15;967:8-12. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.07.009. Epub 2014 Jul 14.
Lemaire-Hurtel, A -S., Durand-Maugard, C., Berquin, P., Antonios, M., Hary, L., Andrejak, M., Masson, H., Manaouil, C., Abe, E. and Alvarez, J.-C. (2010).
Li N, Tattam B, Brow KF, Seale JP Quantification of epimeric budesonide and fluticasone propionate in human plasma by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 2001 Sep 25;761(2):177-85.
Li YN, Tattam B, Brown KF, Seale JP Determination of epimers 22R and 22S of budesonide in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl. 1996 Aug 30;683(2):259-68.
Lindberg C, Blomqvist A, Paulson J Determination of (22R,S)budesonide in human plasma by automated liquid chromatography/thermospray mass spectrometry. Biol Mass Spectrom. 1992 Nov;21(11):525-33.
Loussouarn G, Lozano I, Panhard S, Collaudin C, El Rawadi C, Genain G Diversity in human hair growth, diameter, colour and shape. An in vivo study on young adults from 24 different ethnic groups observed in the five continents. Eur J Dermatol. 2016 Apr 1;26(2):144-54. doi: 10.1684/ejd.2015.2726.
Lu Y, Sun Z, Zhang Y, Chen X, Zhong D Simultaneous quantification of 22R and 22S epimers of budesonide in human plasma by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: application in a stereoselective pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Mar 15;921-922:27-34. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.01.015. Epub 2013 Jan 28.
Mancebo, M , Grassin-Delyle, S., Essid, A., Bataille, J., Guérard, P., Delyle, A. G. and Alvarez, J.-C. (2011).
Mascher DG, Zech K, Nave R, Kubesch KM, Mascher HJ Ultra-sensitive determination of Formoterol in human serum by high performance liquid chromatography and electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2006 Jan 2;830(1):25-34. Epub 2005 Nov 7.
Mazzarino M, de la Torre X, Fiacco I, Pompei C, Calabrese F, Botrè F A simplified procedure for the analysis of formoterol in human urine by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry: application to the characterization of the metabolic profile and stability of formoterol in urine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Jul 15;931:75-83. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.05.021. Epub 2013 May 28.
Nilsson K, Andersson M, Beck O Phospholipid removal combined with a semi-automated 96-well SPE application for determination of budesonide in human plasma with LC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2014 Nov 1;970:31-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.08.035. Epub 2014 Sep 6.
Pecoraro, V and Astore, I. P. L. (1990). Measurements of hair growth under physiological conditions. Hair and Hair Diseases. C. E. Orfanos and R. Happle. Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer Berlin Heidelberg: 237-254.
Pötsch L A discourse on human hair fibers and reflections on the conservation of drug molecules. Int J Legal Med. 1996;108(6):285-93. Review.
Pragst F, Balikova MA State of the art in hair analysis for detection of drug and alcohol abuse. Clin Chim Acta. 2006 Aug;370(1-2):17-49. Epub 2006 Mar 6. Review.
Pritchett JS, Phinney KW Influence of chemical straightening on the stability of drugs of abuse in hair. J Anal Toxicol. 2015 Jan-Feb;39(1):13-6. doi: 10.1093/jat/bku106. Epub 2014 Oct 8.
Ribot M, Polito A, Grassin-Delyle S, Annane D, Alvarez JC Human plasma quantification of fludrocortisone using liquid chromatography coupled with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry after low-dosage administration. Clin Chim Acta. 2013 May;420:109-13. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.11.026. Epub 2012 Dec 7.
Sardela VF, Deventer K, Pereira HM, de Aquino Neto FR, Van Eenoo P Development and validation of a ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method for the direct detection of formoterol in human urine. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2012 Nov;70:471-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.06.042. Epub 2012 Jul 7.
Shen HH, Du XF, Ying SM [Comparison of Chinese guideline for asthma managment and prevention (2016 update) and global initiative for asthma (2017 update)]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2018 Mar 12;41(3):166-168. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-0939.2018.03.003. Chinese.
Skopp G, Pötsch L, Moeller MR On cosmetically treated hair--aspects and pitfalls of interpretation. Forensic Sci Int. 1997 Jan 17;84(1-3):43-52.
Streel B, Cahay B, Klinkenberg R Using total error concept for the validation of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of budesonide epimers in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2009 Aug 1;877(23):2290-300. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.02.004. Epub 2009 Feb 11.
Szeitz A, Manji J, Riggs KW, Thamboo A, Javer AR Validated assay for the simultaneous determination of cortisol and budesonide in human plasma using ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2014 Mar;90:198-206. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.12.006. Epub 2013 Dec 16.
Taylor RL, Grebe SK, Singh RJ Quantitative, highly sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for detection of synthetic corticosteroids. Clin Chem. 2004 Dec;50(12):2345-52. Epub 2004 Oct 14.
Thevis M, Opfermann G, Schänzer W Liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric screening and confirmation methods for beta2-agonists in human or equine urine. J Mass Spectrom. 2003 Nov;38(11):1197-206.
Thomas A, Geyer H, Schänzer W, Crone C, Kellmann M, Moehring T, Thevis M Sensitive determination of prohibited drugs in dried blood spots (DBS) for doping controls by means of a benchtop quadrupole/Orbitrap mass spectrometer. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2012 May;403(5):1279-89. doi: 10.1007/s00216-011-5655-2. Epub 2012 Jan 10.
Thorsson L, Edsbäcker S, Conradson TB Lung deposition of budesonide from Turbuhaler is twice that from a pressurized metered-dose inhaler P-MDI. Eur Respir J. 1994 Oct;7(10):1839-44.
Tsanaclis L, Nutt J, Bagley K, Bevan S, Wicks J Differentiation between consumption and external contamination when testing for cocaine and cannabis in hair samples. Drug Test Anal. 2014 Jun;6 Suppl 1:37-41. doi: 10.1002/dta.1623.
Van Neste D Thickness, medullation and growth rate of female scalp hair are subject to significant variation according to pigmentation and scalp location during ageing. Eur J Dermatol. 2004 Jan-Feb;14(1):28-32.
Van Neste D Why care about linear hair growth rates (LHGR)? a study using in vivo imaging and computer assisted image analysis after manual processing (CAIAMP) in unaffected male controls and men with male pattern hair loss (MPHL). Eur J Dermatol. 2014 Sep-Oct;24(5):568-76. doi: 10.1684/ejd.2014.2428.
Van Neste DJ, Rushton DH Gender differences in scalp hair growth rates are maintained but reduced in pattern hair loss compared to controls. Skin Res Technol. 2016 Aug;22(3):363-9. doi: 10.1111/srt.12274. Epub 2015 Nov 3.
Wang Y, Tang Y, Moellmann H, Hochhaus G Simultaneous quantification of budesonide and its two metabolites, 6beta-hydroxybudesonide and 16alpha-hydroxyprednisolone, in human plasma by liquid chromatography negative electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr. 2003 Mar-Apr;17(2-3):158-64.
Wenzel SE Complex phenotypes in asthma: current definitions. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2013 Dec;26(6):710-5. doi: 10.1016/j.pupt.2013.07.003. Epub 2013 Jul 20.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.