Aprepitant Treatment to Prevent Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Children Undergoing Scoliosis Surgery

Anesthesia Clinical Trial

Official title:

A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Aprepitant to Standard of Care for Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Prophylaxis in Children and Adolescents Undergoing Scoliosis Surgery: The APRE-PONV Trial

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Not yet recruiting

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT06357234
• Other study ID #: APRE-2023
• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Phase: Phase 2
• Start date: June 2024
• Est. completion date: April 2026

Study information

• Verified date: June 2023
• Source: IWK Health Centre
• Contact: Mathew Kiberd, MD
• Phone: 7789841329
• Email: mathew.kiberd[@]iwk.nshealth.ca
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

This research trial will measure how useful Aprepitant is in preventing nausea and vomiting in children having surgery to correct scoliosis (curvature of the spine).

Description:

Detailed Description: This prospective, randomized, controlled trial will test whether adding Aprepitant to standard multimodal therapy regimen can further reduce the incidence and severity of post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in children undergoing posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion. The primary outcome of the study will be anti-nausea rescue medication administration post-surgery, with secondary outcomes being the first instance of post-surgery anti-nausea rescue medication administration, emesis, headache, flatus, bowel movement, and sensation of itch; incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events; and worst nausea and pain scores post-surgery .

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Enrollment: 100
• Est. completion date: April 2026
• Est. primary completion date: March 2026
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 8 Years to 19 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Posterior Spinal Instrumentation and Fusion (PSIF) for idiopathic scoliosis

• The fusion must include at least 6 vertebral levels.

• Children greater than or equal to 8 years old, and less than 19 years old on the day of surgery

• Weight > 40kg - for ease of pharmacy preparation (PONV dose 1mg per kg to max 40mg)

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patient/ Parent refusal

• Hypersensitivity to Aprepitant or any ingredient in the formulation or oral solution. (previous allergy or adverse reaction to Aprepitant)

• Developmental delay as reported by parents

• Pregnant - Pregnancy test done as standard of care pre-operative

• Severe systemic disease ASA classification III or greater

• Concurrent use of any medication with severe interaction with Aprepitant as outlined in product monograph.

• Neuromuscular or congenital scoliosis

• Inability to take PO medications

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Anesthesia
• Nausea
• Nausea and Vomiting, Postoperative
• Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting
• Scoliosis
• Spinal Fusion
• Vomiting

Intervention

Drug:
• Aprepitant
Two doses of 40mg (2ml) Aprepitant. One to be given on the morning of surgery and the second on the morning of post-op day 1
• Placebo
Two doses of dextrose syrup (2ml). One to be given on the morning of surgery and the second on the morning of post-op day 1

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
n/a

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
IWK Health Centre

References & Publications (13)

Aapro M, Carides A, Rapoport BL, Schmoll HJ, Zhang L, Warr D. Aprepitant and fosaprepitant: a 10-year review of efficacy and safety. Oncologist. 2015 Apr;20(4):450-8. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2014-0229. Epub 2015 Mar 20. — View Citation

Apfel CC, Laara E, Koivuranta M, Greim CA, Roewer N. A simplified risk score for predicting postoperative nausea and vomiting: conclusions from cross-validations between two centers. Anesthesiology. 1999 Sep;91(3):693-700. doi: 10.1097/00000542-199909000-00022. — View Citation

Apfel CC, Philip BK, Cakmakkaya OS, Shilling A, Shi YY, Leslie JB, Allard M, Turan A, Windle P, Odom-Forren J, Hooper VD, Radke OC, Ruiz J, Kovac A. Who is at risk for postdischarge nausea and vomiting after ambulatory surgery? Anesthesiology. 2012 Sep;117(3):475-86. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e318267ef31. — View Citation

Diemunsch P, Gan TJ, Philip BK, Girao MJ, Eberhart L, Irwin MG, Pueyo J, Chelly JE, Carides AD, Reiss T, Evans JK, Lawson FC; Aprepitant-PONV Protocol 091 International Study Group. Single-dose aprepitant vs ondansetron for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a randomized, double-blind phase III trial in patients undergoing open abdominal surgery. Br J Anaesth. 2007 Aug;99(2):202-11. doi: 10.1093/bja/aem133. Epub 2007 May 30. — View Citation

Eberhart LHJ, Geldner G, Kranke P, Morin AM, Schauffelen A, Treiber H, Wulf H. The development and validation of a risk score to predict the probability of postoperative vomiting in pediatric patients. Anesth Analg. 2004 Dec;99(6):1630-1637. doi: 10.1213/01.ANE.0000135639.57715.6C. — View Citation

Gan TJ, Apfel CC, Kovac A, Philip BK, Singla N, Minkowitz H, Habib AS, Knighton J, Carides AD, Zhang H, Horgan KJ, Evans JK, Lawson FC; Aprepitant-PONV Study Group. A randomized, double-blind comparison of the NK1 antagonist, aprepitant, versus ondansetron for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesth Analg. 2007 May;104(5):1082-9, tables of contents. doi: 10.1213/01.ane.0000263277.35140.a3. — View Citation

Gan TJ, Belani KG, Bergese S, Chung F, Diemunsch P, Habib AS, Jin Z, Kovac AL, Meyer TA, Urman RD, Apfel CC, Ayad S, Beagley L, Candiotti K, Englesakis M, Hedrick TL, Kranke P, Lee S, Lipman D, Minkowitz HS, Morton J, Philip BK. Fourth Consensus Guidelines for the Management of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting. Anesth Analg. 2020 Aug;131(2):411-448. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000004833. Erratum In: Anesth Analg. 2020 Nov;131(5):e241. — View Citation

Hasan AME, Abdelzaam E-S. A comparative study between Aprepitant only versus combined ondansetron and Aprepitant as antiemetic therapy, regarding efficacy and duration, in patients undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery double-blinded, randomized control clinical trial. J Anesth Clin Res. 2019;10(5)

Kranke P, Eberhart LH, Toker H, Roewer N, Wulf H, Kiefer P. A prospective evaluation of the POVOC score for the prediction of postoperative vomiting in children. Anesth Analg. 2007 Dec;105(6):1592-7, table of contents. doi: 10.1213/01.ane.0000287816.44124.03. — View Citation

Salman FT, DiCristina C, Chain A, Afzal AS. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of aprepitant for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in pediatric subjects. J Pediatr Surg. 2019 Jul;54(7):1384-1390. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2018.09.006. Epub 2018 Sep 21. — View Citation

Schulz KF, Altman DG, Moher D; CONSORT Group. CONSORT 2010 statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. BMJ. 2010 Mar 23;340:c332. doi: 10.1136/bmj.c332. — View Citation

Watcha MF, Lee AD, Medellin E, Felberg MT, Bidani SA. Clinical Use of the Pictorial Baxter Retching Faces Scale for the Measurement of Postoperative Nausea in Children. Anesth Analg. 2019 Jun;128(6):1249-1255. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000003850. — View Citation

Weibel S, Rucker G, Eberhart LH, Pace NL, Hartl HM, Jordan OL, Mayer D, Riemer M, Schaefer MS, Raj D, Backhaus I, Helf A, Schlesinger T, Kienbaum P, Kranke P. Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: a network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Oct 19;10(10):CD012859. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012859.pub2. — View Citation

* Note: There are 13 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Anti-Nausea Rescue Medication	Anti-nausea rescue medication administered (yes/no).	From surgery end-time until discharge, estimated period of up to 10 days
Secondary	Anti-nausea rescue medication administered by post-operative day	Anti-nausea rescue medication administered (yes/no). Assessed each post-operative day. The primary outcome is whether nausea rescue medication is used at all in the post-operative period. The secondary outcome is the time (By post operative day) when the first rescue medication is administered.	From surgery end-time until first instance (yes) or until discharge (if no instances during post-operative period),estimated period of up to 10 days
Secondary	Emesis (Yes/No)	Assessed each post operative day	From surgery end-time until first instance (yes) or until discharge (if no instances during post-operative period), estimated period of up to 10 days
Secondary	Baxter Retching Faces score	Baxter Retching Faces (BARF) scale of nausea - worst score collected twice per post-operative day. Scores range from 0 to 10. Higher scores indicate a worse outcome (0=no nausea at all, 10=the most nausea it is possible to feel).	From surgery end time until discharge,estimated period of up to 10 days
Secondary	Pain score	Faces pain scale revised - worst score. Collected twice per post-operative day Faces pain scale-revised: Score of 0 to 10. Higher scores indicate a worse outcome (0=no pain, 10=very much pain).	From surgery end time until discharge, estimated period of up to 10 days
Secondary	Headache (yes/no)	Recorded as headache (yes/No) Assessed each post-operative day	From surgery end-time until first instance (yes) or until discharge (if no instances during post-operative period), estimated period of up to 10 days
Secondary	Flatus (yes/no)	Assessed each post-operative day	From surgery end-time until first instance (yes) or until discharge (if no instances during post-operative period), estimated period of up to 10 days
Secondary	Bowel Motility (yes/no)	Assessed each post-operative day	From surgery end-time until first instance (yes) or until discharge (if no instances during post-operative period),estimated period of up to 10 days
Secondary	Sensation of Itch	Assessed each post-operative day	From surgery end-time until first instance (yes) or until discharge (if no instances during post-operative period),estimated period of up to 10 days
Secondary	Treatment of emergent adverse events	Assessed each day from time of administration of study drug or placebo	From administration of first dose of study drug (or placebo) to discharge],estimated period of up to 10 days