Sedation and Analgesia Using PFK Versus General Anesthesia in Urological Procedures

Anesthesia Clinical Trial

Official title:

Intravenous Sedation and Analgesia Using Propofol, Fentanyl and Ketamine (PFK) Versus General Anesthesia in Minor Urological Procedures.

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT04285528
• Other study ID #: 67/2019/1166
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: April 17, 2019
• Est. completion date: February 1, 2020

Study information

• Verified date: February 2020
• Source: University of Jordan
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Anesthesia in urological surgeries might constitute a great challenge to anesthesiologists. Especially that a great proportion of these patients are elderly with a lot of comorbidities. This put these patients at the risk of developing medical adverse events after being anesthetized by general anesthesia. The aim of this study is to compare between intravenous sedation with analgesia versus general anesthesia in patients undergoing urological surgical procedures.

Description:

Anesthesia in urological surgeries might constitute a great challenge to anesthesiologists. Especially that a great proportion of these patients are elderly with a lot of comorbidities. This put these patients at the risk of developing medical adverse events after being anesthetized by general anesthesia. The aim of this study is to compare between intravenous sedation with analgesia versus general anesthesia in patients undergoing urological surgical procedures.

The first group which underwent general anesthesia, was anesthetized using Fentanyl (2 mcg per kg) and Propofol (1-2 mg per kg). Laryngeal mask airway was then inserted.

The second group underwent intravenous sedation and analgesia by using a mixture of Fentanyl, Propofol and Ketamine (PFK mixture). The mixture consists of 100 mcg Fentanyl, 100 mg Propofol, 100 mg of Ketamine. In addition, 40 mg of Lidocaine were added, this aimed to reduce the pain on injection caused by Propofol. Moreover, 4 ml of water of injection were added to the mixture. This resulted in a mixture of 5 mcg/ml of Fentanyl, 5 mg/ml of Propofol, and 5 mg/ml of Ketamine. By this, each ml of the mixture contained 10 mg (ketamine and propofol) + 5 mcg fentanyl. Each patient received an initial dose of 0.5 mg/kg from the solution, then after waiting for 60 seconds, another 0.5 mg/kg were given. Maintenance was given as boluses of 0.2- 0.33 mg/kg every three to five minutes. No laryngeal mask airway nor endotracheal tube were inserted, and the patients were breathing spontaneously through a simple face mask on support of 3 L/min O2.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 200
• Est. completion date: February 1, 2020
• Est. primary completion date: December 1, 2019
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• patients above the age of 30 years

• patients who were admitted for minor urological surgeries under the care of urology team. Minor urological procedures, included cystoscopy, trans-urethral resection of tumor (TURT), uretroscopy, double J insertion, and double J removal.

Exclusion Criteria:

• patient refusal.

• urgent and emergency cases, which were not elective procedures.

• Surgeries that were expected to take a long duration (more than 1.5 hour).

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Anesthesia
• Urologic Diseases

Intervention

Drug:
• General anesthetia Fentanyl and Propofol
Patients were anesthetized using Fentanyl (2 mcg per kg) and Propofol (1-2 mg per kg). Proper classic laryngeal mask airway was inserted afterwards.

Combination Product:
• PFK
A mixture of 5 mcg/ml of Fentanyl, 5 mg/ml of Propofol, and 5 mg/ml of Ketamine was used. Each patient received an initial dose of 0.5 mg/kg from the solution, then after waiting for 60 seconds, another 0.5 mg/kg were given. Maintenance was given as boluses of 0.2- 0.33 mg/kg every three to five minutes. No Laryngeal mask airway nor endotracheal tube were inserted, and the patients were breathing spontaneously through a simple face mask on a support of 3 L/min O2.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Jordan	Jordan University Hospital	Amman

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
University of Jordan

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Jordan, 

References & Publications (21)

Atashkhoyi S, Negargar S, Hatami-Marandi P. Effects of the addition of low-dose ketamine to propofol-fentanyl anaesthesia during diagnostic gynaecological laparoscopy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2013 Sep;170(1):247-50. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2013.06.026. Epub 2013 Jul 17. — View Citation

Berning V, Laupheimer M, Nübling M, Heidegger T. Influence of quality of recovery on patient satisfaction with anaesthesia and surgery: a prospective observational cohort study. Anaesthesia. 2017 Sep;72(9):1088-1096. doi: 10.1111/anae.13906. Epub 2017 May 16. — View Citation

Borland ML, Bergesio R, Pascoe EM, Turner S, Woodger S. Intranasal fentanyl is an equivalent analgesic to oral morphine in paediatric burns patients for dressing changes: a randomised double blind crossover study. Burns. 2005 Nov;31(7):831-7. Epub 2005 Jul 6. — View Citation

Childers CP, Maggard-Gibbons M. Understanding Costs of Care in the Operating Room. JAMA Surg. 2018 Apr 18;153(4):e176233. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2017.6233. Epub 2018 Apr 18. — View Citation

David H, Shipp J. A randomized controlled trial of ketamine/propofol versus propofol alone for emergency department procedural sedation. Ann Emerg Med. 2011 May;57(5):435-41. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2010.11.025. Epub 2011 Jan 21. — View Citation

Erden IA, Pamuk AG, Akinci SB, Koseoglu A, Aypar U. Comparison of propofol-fentanyl with propofol-fentanyl-ketamine combination in pediatric patients undergoing interventional radiology procedures. Paediatr Anaesth. 2009 May;19(5):500-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9592.2009.02971.x. — View Citation

Ferguson I, Bell A, Treston G, New L, Ding M, Holdgate A. Propofol or Ketofol for Procedural Sedation and Analgesia in Emergency Medicine-The POKER Study: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial. Ann Emerg Med. 2016 Nov;68(5):574-582.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2016.05.024. Epub 2016 Jul 22. — View Citation

Hayakawa-Fujii Y, Takada M, Ohta S, Dohi S. Hemodynamic stability during induction of anesthesia and tracheal intubation with propofol plus fentanyl, ketamine, and fentanyl-ketamine. J Anesth. 2001;15(4):191-6. — View Citation

Jalili M, Bahreini M, Doosti-Irani A, Masoomi R, Arbab M, Mirfazaelian H. Ketamine-propofol combination (ketofol) vs propofol for procedural sedation and analgesia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Emerg Med. 2016 Mar;34(3):558-69. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2015.12.074. Epub 2015 Dec 29. Review. — View Citation

Kakinohana M, Saitoh T, Kakinohana O, Okuda Y. [A case of total intravenous anesthesia with propofol, fentanyl and ketamine for lateral segmentectomy of the liver under pringle maneuver]. Masui. 1999 May;48(5):523-7. Japanese. — View Citation

Kushikata T, Yatsu Y, Kubota T, Matsuki A. [Total intravenous anesthesia with propofol, ketamine, and fentanyl (PFK) for a patient with mitochondrial myopathy]. Masui. 2004 Feb;53(2):178-80. Japanese. — View Citation

Lonjaret L, Lairez O, Minville V, Geeraerts T. Optimal perioperative management of arterial blood pressure. Integr Blood Press Control. 2014 Sep 12;7:49-59. doi: 10.2147/IBPC.S45292. eCollection 2014. Review. — View Citation

Morrison K, Herbst K, Corbett S, Herndon CD. Pain management practice patterns for common pediatric urology procedures. Urology. 2014 Jan;83(1):206-10. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2013.08.041. Epub 2013 Oct 16. — View Citation

Onaka M, Akatsuka M, Takayama R, Mori H, Yamamoto H. [Electroencephalographic characteristics during maintenance and emergence from propofol-ketamine-fentanyl anesthesia]. Masui. 2001 Mar;50(3):265-9. Japanese. — View Citation

Saadawy I, Ertok E, Boker A. Painless injection of propofol: pretreatment with ketamine vs thiopental, meperidine, and lidocaine. Middle East J Anaesthesiol. 2007 Oct;19(3):631-44. Erratum in: Middle East J Anesthesiol. 2008 Feb;19(4):919. — View Citation

Sakai T, Mi WD, Komoda Y, Kudo T, Kudo M, Matsuki A. [Clinical indication of propofol for pediatric patients--pharmacokinetics of propofol and ketamine during and after total intravenous anesthesia with propofol, fentanyl and ketamine (PFK) in a neonate]. Masui. 1998 Mar;47(3):314-7. Japanese. — View Citation

Singh Bajwa SJ, Bajwa SK, Kaur J. Comparison of two drug combinations in total intravenous anesthesia: Propofol-ketamine and propofol-fentanyl. Saudi J Anaesth. 2010 May;4(2):72-9. doi: 10.4103/1658-354X.65132. — View Citation

Tang YY, Lin XM, Huang W, Jiang XQ. Addition of low-dose ketamine to propofol-fentanyl sedation for gynecologic diagnostic laparoscopy: randomized controlled trial. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2010 May-Jun;17(3):325-30. doi: 10.1016/j.jmig.2010.01.017. — View Citation

Tokumine J, Iha H, Okuda Y, Shimabukuro T, Shimabukuro T, Ishigaki K, Nakamura S, Takara I. Appropriate method of administration of propofol, fentanyl, and ketamine for patient-controlled sedation and analgesia during extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy. J Anesth. 2000 Apr 25;14(2):68-72. — View Citation

Tosun Z, Aksu R, Guler G, Esmaoglu A, Akin A, Aslan D, Boyaci A. Propofol-ketamine vs propofol-fentanyl for sedation during pediatric upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Paediatr Anaesth. 2007 Oct;17(10):983-8. — View Citation

White PF, Kehlet H, Neal JM, Schricker T, Carr DB, Carli F; Fast-Track Surgery Study Group. The role of the anesthesiologist in fast-track surgery: from multimodal analgesia to perioperative medical care. Anesth Analg. 2007 Jun;104(6):1380-96, table of contents. Review. — View Citation

* Note: There are 21 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Blood pressure stability	the investigators recorded the changes in blood pressure after induction of anesthesia	45 minutes
Secondary	Hypoxia	the investigators recorded any episodes of transient reduction of oxygen saturation.	45 minutes
Secondary	nausea and vomiting	The investigators recorded the occurrence of nausea and vomiting till the discharge of the patients from post anesthesia care unit (PACU).	2 hours