Alcohol Use Disorder — Mental Contrasting With Implementation Intentions for Alcohol Use Disorders
Citation(s)
Gollwitzer PM Weakness of the will: Is a quick fix possible? Motivation and Emotion 38: 305-322, 2014.
Oettingen G, Pak H, Schnetter K Self-regulation of goal setting: turning free fantasies about the future into binding goals. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2001 May;80(5):736-53.
Oettingen G Expectancy effects on behavior depend on self-regulatory thought. Social Cognition 18(2): 101-129, 2000.
Oettingen G Rethinking positive thinking: inside the new science of motivation. New York, NY: Penguin Random House, 2014.
Applying Mental Contrasting With Implementation Intentions to Prevent Relapse and Drop-out in Patients With Alcohol Use Disorders
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
