Behavioral Economic and Wellness-based Approaches for Reducing Alcohol Use and Consequences Among Emerging Adults

Alcohol Abuse Clinical Trial

Official title:

Behavioral Economic and Wellness-based Approaches for Reducing Alcohol Use and Consequences Among Diverse Non-student Emerging Adults

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Recruiting

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT04776278
• Other study ID #: R01AA029031
• Status: Recruiting
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: January 17, 2022
• Est. completion date: May 1, 2026

Study information

• Verified date: December 2023
• Source: University of Memphis
• Contact: James G Murphy, PHD
• Phone: 901-678-2630
• Email: jgmurphy[@]memphis.edu
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

The purpose of this study is to evaluate an intervention approach for non-student emerging adults that attempts to reduce alcohol use by decreasing stress and increasing engagement in positive and goal-directed activities that provide meaningful alternatives to alcohol use.

Description:

Brief alcohol interventions (BAI) are among the most cost-effective preventive care measures available and the evaluation of these interventions with high-risk and difficult-to-reach populations is an NIAAA priority. Although emerging adults (EAs) who attend college often have access to brief alcohol interventions (BAIs), there is a critical need to enhance both the efficacy and potential for dissemination of these approaches with high-risk non-student EAs. EAs who are not 4-year college students or graduates report higher levels of alcohol-related problems, greater levels of comorbid drug use and mental health symptoms, and higher risk for chronic alcohol use disorder compared to college graduates. Most BAIs include a single session focused explicitly on discussing risks associated with drinking and correcting normative beliefs about drinking rates without addressing the reasons why EAs may drink, including stress and limited behavioral alternatives to drinking. Because many EAs who do not graduate from college are socially and economically marginalized, an approach that encourages them to drink less without providing the tools to reduce stress and develop mood enhancing behavioral substitutes to drinking or drug use is unlikely to be successful. The Substance-Free Activity Session (SFAS) attempts to increase engagement goal-directed activities that might provide alternatives to alcohol use and also includes strategies for coping with stress/depression. The two-session (plus booster) BAI+SFAS approach has demonstrated efficacy for reducing both alcohol use/problems and depressive symptoms in two randomized clinical trials with college EAs and may be a more promising approach than single-session BAIs for higher-risk non-student EAs. Two critical next steps are to: 1) evaluate the BAI+SFAS with non-student EAs, and 2) determine if a two-session Relaxation Training (RT) +SFAS approach, which would enhance wellness and address two synergistic risk factors for alcohol misuse, demonstrates similar efficacy as the BAI+SFAS intervention. If so, this wellness-based approach may have greater potential for dissemination than approaches that include a BAI because the session content may be more appealing to EAs (managing stress and increasing positive activities). Thus, the primary goal of the proposed study is to establish the efficacy of these novel BAI approaches with high-risk community dwelling EAs, and a secondary goal is to identify factors that may increase potential for dissemination. We will conduct a randomized 3-group (BAI+SFAS vs. RT+SFAS vs. education control) trial with 525 EAs (175 per group; estimated 50% women & 50% African American) who report recent heavy drinking and who are not students or graduates of 4-year colleges. Outcomes will be assessed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post-intervention.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Recruiting
• Enrollment: 525
• Est. completion date: May 1, 2026
• Est. primary completion date: May 1, 2026
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years to 29 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• 18 to 29 years old

• Not a current student or graduate of a 4-year college with no plans to enroll in a 4-year college in the upcoming semester

• Stable domicile and contact information

• Fluent English speaker

• Adequate literacy (>9th grade reading ability)

• Two or more heavy episodic drinking episodes in the past month (>5/4 standard drinks for males/ females) or exceeding NIAAA guidelines for high risk drinking (>14/7 drinks per week for men/women).

Exclusion Criteria:

• Current/past psychosis

• Current self-initiated AUD/SUD treatment

• Weekly or greater nonmedical use of prescription drugs or illegal drugs except cannabis

• Risk for alcohol withdrawal as evidenced by either 1) a recent history of alcohol withdrawal symptoms (tremors, anxiety, hallucinations, and seizures that occur after stopping drinking) or 2) very heavy weekly drinking reports on the alcohol screener (> 40 standard drinks in a typical week in the past month, a value that is > 2 standard deviations above the average drinks per week level observed in our previous brief alcohol intervention studies).

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Alcohol Abuse
• Alcoholism

Intervention

Behavioral:
• Brief Alcohol Intervention (BAI)
This session includes a discussion related to harm reduction and the participant's autonomy to make decisions about the information provided in the session; an alcohol use decisional balance exercise; personalized alcohol-related feedback, and goal-setting. Elements included in the feedback are: (a) comparison of the participant's perception of how much he or she drinks and actual norms, (b) a comparison of the participant's alcohol consumption vs. norms, (c) an estimate of the participant's peak blood alcohol content in the past month, (d) alcohol-related problems experienced, (e) money spent on alcohol, and (f) calories consumed from alcohol. Participants discuss the personalized feedback with the clinician and review protective behavioral strategies if he or she indicates interest.
• Substance-free Activity Session (SFAS)
The SFAS session includes : a) discussion of life goals, b) discussion of associations between alcohol and drug use, goals, and substance-free activities; c) a graph depicting the participant's ratings of the relative importance of various aspects of their life and how their actions in the past week have been consistent with these priorities; d) personalized feedback on recent time allocation to activities across life domains, and a discussion of any changes the participant would like to make; e) feedback on symptoms of stress, anxiety and discussion of adaptive coping strategies; f) discussion of enjoyable substance-free activities and hobbies and substance-free recreational activity suggestions tailored to individual's interests and neighborhood; g) a goal setting exercise for specific behavior change plans; h) a Future Thinking Writing Exercise. Participants will receive weekly text-message based booster prompts for four weeks after their SFAS session.
• Relaxation Training (RT)
The clinician will begin by establishing the credibility of the session by providing the participant with the rationale that developing relaxation or mindfulness training strategies can reduce stress and enhance wellness. The clinician will then lead the participant through a diaphragmatic breathing exercise, followed by a progressive muscle RT protocol, and then a brief breath-counting (mindfulness) exercise. The session will conclude with a brief discussion of additional stress and anxiety management strategies (e.g., apps to monitor heartrate and breathing). Participants will be asked about their reaction to the techniques and, if interested, encouraged to commit to a specific plan for practicing these techniques.

Other:
• Education Control
This condition will not include any clinical contact other than a brief (2-3 minute) discussion with the research assistant (RA) who completed the assessment session and who will describe the educational handout. This condition is meant to approximate a low-threshold public health-level approach to providing referral information and some of the content included in the BAI+SFAS condition but without any of the personalized information or MI/clinical contact. Thus, participants will receive information on risks associated with alcohol and drug misuse, strategies for reducing use/problems, and strategies for managing stress and setting and follow-through with achievable goals. The handout will also include links to hotlines, websites, and apps related to these domains. This condition will not include booster contact.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
United States	University of Memphis	Memphis	Tennessee

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
University of Memphis

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Change from Baseline Alcohol Consumption and Drug Use at 1-month	At each assessment point, participants will complete a computer administered Daily Drinking Questionnaire (DDQ) concerning their daily drinking during a typical week in the past month, an interval found sufficiently long to characterize drinking patterns.	Enrollment, 1-month post intervention
Primary	Change from Baseline Alcohol Consumption and Drug Use at 3-months	At each assessment point, participants will complete a computer administered Daily Drinking Questionnaire (DDQ) concerning their daily drinking during a typical week in the past month, an interval found sufficiently long to characterize drinking patterns.	Enrollment, 3-months post intervention
Primary	Change from Baseline Alcohol Consumption and Drug Use at 6-months	At each assessment point, participants will complete a computer administered Daily Drinking Questionnaire (DDQ) concerning their daily drinking during a typical week in the past month, an interval found sufficiently long to characterize drinking patterns.	Enrollment, 6-months post-intervention
Primary	Change from Baseline Alcohol Consumption and Drug Use at 12-months	At each assessment point, participants will complete a computer administered Daily Drinking Questionnaire (DDQ) concerning their daily drinking during a typical week in the past month, an interval found sufficiently long to characterize drinking patterns.	Enrollment, 12-months post intervention
Primary	Change from Baseline Alcohol-related Consequences at 1-month	The Brief Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire (BYAACQ) questionnaire asks about negative events over the past month (e.g., neglected obligations, driving after drinking). Research has shown that the BYAACQ is reliable yet sensitive to changes in alcohol use, has high internal consistency, and includes common but less severe consequences.	Enrollment, 1-month
Primary	Change from Baseline Alcohol-related Consequences at 3-months	The Brief Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire (BYAACQ) questionnaire asks about negative events over the past month (e.g., neglected obligations, driving after drinking). Research has shown that the BYAACQ is reliable yet sensitive to changes in alcohol use, has high internal consistency, and includes common but less severe consequences.	Enrollment, 3-months
Primary	Change from Baseline Alcohol-related Consequences at 6-months	The Brief Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire (BYAACQ) questionnaire asks about negative events over the past month (e.g., neglected obligations, driving after drinking). Research has shown that the BYAACQ is reliable yet sensitive to changes in alcohol use, has high internal consistency, and includes common but less severe consequences.	Enrollment, 6-months
Primary	Change from Baseline Alcohol-related Consequences at 12-months	The Brief Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire (BYAACQ) questionnaire asks about negative events over the past month (e.g., neglected obligations, driving after drinking). Research has shown that the BYAACQ is reliable yet sensitive to changes in alcohol use, has high internal consistency, and includes common but less severe consequences.	Enrollment, 12-months
Secondary	Change from Baseline Substance-free and Substance-related Activity Participation at 1-month	Participants report past month frequency and rate the enjoyment of 16 activities that are substance free vs. substance involved. Frequency and enjoyment ratings are multiplied to obtain a cross product that reflects reinforcement derived from the activity, and the relative reinforcement value of alcohol (R-ratio) is computed for analysis [(alcohol-related total / (alcohol-free total + alcohol-related total)]. Participants also report the number of hours spent engaging in several activity categories during a typical week in the past month (work, exercise, drinking, recreation). This information is used to generate the initial SFAS feedback on time allocation and potential alternatives to drinking and, at follow-up, will evaluate whether the interventions resulted in increased participation in substance-free activities, increased substance-free reinforcement, and decreased proportionate substance-related reinforcement relative to the control condition (R-ratio).	Enrollment, 1-month post intervention
Secondary	Change from Baseline Substance-free and Substance-related Activity Participation at 3-months	Participants report past month frequency and rate the enjoyment of 16 activities that are substance free vs. substance involved. Frequency and enjoyment ratings are multiplied to obtain a cross product that reflects reinforcement derived from the activity, and the relative reinforcement value of alcohol (R-ratio) is computed for analysis [(alcohol-related total / (alcohol-free total + alcohol-related total)]. Participants also report the number of hours spent engaging in several activity categories during a typical week in the past month (work, exercise, drinking, recreation). This information is used to generate the initial SFAS feedback on time allocation and potential alternatives to drinking and, at follow-up, will evaluate whether the interventions resulted in increased participation in substance-free activities, increased substance-free reinforcement, and decreased proportionate substance-related reinforcement relative to the control condition (R-ratio).	Enrollment, 3-months post intervention
Secondary	Change from Baseline Substance-free and Substance-related Activity Participation at 6-months	Participants report past month frequency and rate the enjoyment of 36 activities that are substance free vs. substance involved. Frequency and enjoyment ratings are multiplied to obtain a cross product that reflects reinforcement derived from the activity, and the relative reinforcement value of alcohol (R-ratio) is computed for analysis [(alcohol-related total / (alcohol-free total + alcohol-related total)]. Participants also report the number of hours spent engaging in several activity categories during a typical week in the past month (work, exercise, drinking, recreation). This information is used to generate the initial SFAS feedback on time allocation and potential alternatives to drinking and, at follow-up, will evaluate whether the interventions resulted in increased participation in substance-free activities, increased substance-free reinforcement, and decreased proportionate substance-related reinforcement relative to the control condition (R-ratio).	Enrollment, 6-months post intervention
Secondary	Change from Baseline Substance-free and Substance-related Activity Participation at 12-months	Participants report past month frequency and rate the enjoyment of 16 activities that are substance free vs. substance involved. Frequency and enjoyment ratings are multiplied to obtain a cross product that reflects reinforcement derived from the activity, and the relative reinforcement value of alcohol (R-ratio) is computed for analysis [(alcohol-related total / (alcohol-free total + alcohol-related total)]. Participants also report the number of hours spent engaging in several activity categories during a typical week in the past month (work, exercise, drinking, recreation). This information is used to generate the initial SFAS feedback on time allocation and potential alternatives to drinking and, at follow-up, will evaluate whether the interventions resulted in increased participation in substance-free activities, increased substance-free reinforcement, and decreased proportionate substance-related reinforcement relative to the control condition (R-ratio).	Enrollment, 12-months post intervention
Secondary	Change from Baseline Alcohol Purchase Task responses at 1-month	This questionnaire asks participants to report how many standard drinks they would consume across 20 prices ($0 to $20) in an imaginary drinking setting, which yields multiple observed and derived indices reflecting sensitivity to price changes that correspond with actual alcohol use. Elasticity of demand and intensity (consumption at $0) will be used for analysis. Relative insensitivity to price changes ("inelastic" demand) is related to risky drinking and alcohol problems, and intensity has incremental utility to predict alcohol use disorder symptoms beyond drinking practices. Consistent with previous research, alcohol demand will be evaluated as a mediator of treatment outcomes.	Enrollment, 1-month post intervention
Secondary	Change from Baseline Alcohol Purchase Task responses at 3-months	This questionnaire asks participants to report how many standard drinks they would consume across 20 prices ($0 to $20) in an imaginary drinking setting, which yields multiple observed and derived indices reflecting sensitivity to price changes that correspond with actual alcohol use. Elasticity of demand and intensity (consumption at $0) will be used for analysis. Relative insensitivity to price changes ("inelastic" demand) is related to risky drinking and alcohol problems, and intensity has incremental utility to predict alcohol use disorder symptoms beyond drinking practices. Consistent with previous research, alcohol demand will be evaluated as a mediator of treatment outcomes.	Enrollment, 3-months post intervention
Secondary	Change from Baseline Alcohol Purchase Task responses at 6-months	This questionnaire asks participants to report how many standard drinks they would consume across 20 prices ($0 to $20) in an imaginary drinking setting, which yields multiple observed and derived indices reflecting sensitivity to price changes that correspond with actual alcohol use. Elasticity of demand and intensity (consumption at $0) will be used for analysis. Relative insensitivity to price changes ("inelastic" demand) is related to risky drinking and alcohol problems, and intensity has incremental utility to predict alcohol use disorder symptoms beyond drinking practices. Consistent with previous research, alcohol demand will be evaluated as a mediator of treatment outcomes.	Enrollment, 6-months post intervention
Secondary	Change from Baseline Alcohol Purchase Task responses at 12-months	This questionnaire asks participants to report how many standard drinks they would consume across 20 prices ($0 to $20) in an imaginary drinking setting, which yields multiple observed and derived indices reflecting sensitivity to price changes that correspond with actual alcohol use. Elasticity of demand and intensity (consumption at $0) will be used for analysis. Relative insensitivity to price changes ("inelastic" demand) is related to risky drinking and alcohol problems, and intensity has incremental utility to predict alcohol use disorder symptoms beyond drinking practices. Consistent with previous research, alcohol demand will be evaluated as a mediator of treatment outcomes.	Enrollment, 12-months post intervention
Secondary	Change from Baseline in the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (DASS) at 1-month	The DASS is a reliable and valid self-report survey designed to measure symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. Each of the three DASS scales contains seven items and participants are asked to use 4-point scales to rate the extent to which they have experienced each emotional state over the past week; scores for depression, anxiety and stress are calculated by summing the scores. For the purpose of this study, we will only include the depression and anxiety subscale items. Previous research indicates that the BAI+SFAS is associated with decreases in DASS scores, and we will evaluate DASS subscale scores as a secondary outcome and mediator of treatment effects.	Enrollment, 1-month post intervention
Secondary	Change from Baseline in the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (DASS) at 3-month	The DASS is a reliable and valid self-report survey designed to measure symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. Each of the three DASS scales contains seven items and participants are asked to use 4-point scales to rate the extent to which they have experienced each emotional state over the past week; scores for depression, anxiety and stress are calculated by summing the scores. For the purpose of this study, we will only include the depression and anxiety subscale items. Previous research indicates that the BAI+SFAS is associated with decreases in DASS scores, and we will evaluate DASS subscale scores as a secondary outcome and mediator of treatment effects.	Enrollment, 3-months post intervention
Secondary	Change from Baseline in the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (DASS) at 6-months	The DASS is a reliable and valid self-report survey designed to measure symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. Each of the three DASS scales contains seven items and participants are asked to use 4-point scales to rate the extent to which they have experienced each emotional state over the past week; scores for depression, anxiety and stress are calculated by summing the scores. For the purpose of this study, we will only include the depression and anxiety subscale items. Previous research indicates that the BAI+SFAS is associated with decreases in DASS scores, and we will evaluate DASS subscale scores as a secondary outcome and mediator of treatment effects.	Enrollment, 6-months post intervention
Secondary	Anxiety, and Stress Scales (DASS) at 12-months	The DASS is a reliable and valid self-report survey designed to measure symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. Each of the three DASS scales contains seven items and participants are asked to use 4-point scales to rate the extent to which they have experienced each emotional state over the past week; scores for depression, anxiety and stress are calculated by summing the scores. For the purpose of this study, we will only include the depression and anxiety subscale items. Previous research indicates that the BAI+SFAS is associated with decreases in DASS scores, and we will evaluate DASS subscale scores as a secondary outcome and mediator of treatment effects.	Enrollment, 12-months post intervention
Secondary	Change from Baseline in the Short Self-Regulation Questionnaire (SSRQ) at 1-month	The SSRQ is a reliable and valid measure of the extent to which individuals are able to organize their behavior around the pursuit of goals and has been shown to mediate the drinking reductions associated with the SFAS. We will examine the SSRQ as a secondary intervention outcome and mediator.	Enrollment, 1-month post intervention
Secondary	Change from Baseline in the Short Self-Regulation Questionnaire (SSRQ) at 3-months	The SSRQ is a reliable and valid measure of the extent to which individuals are able to organize their behavior around the pursuit of goals and has been shown to mediate the drinking reductions associated with the SFAS. We will examine the SSRQ as a secondary intervention outcome and mediator.	Enrollment, 3-months post intervention
Secondary	Change from Baseline in the Short Self-Regulation Questionnaire (SSRQ) at 6-months	The SSRQ is a reliable and valid measure of the extent to which individuals are able to organize their behavior around the pursuit of goals and has been shown to mediate the drinking reductions associated with the SFAS. We will examine the SSRQ as a secondary intervention outcome and mediator.	Enrollment, 6-months post intervention
Secondary	Change from Baseline in the Short Self-Regulation Questionnaire (SSRQ) at 12-months	The SSRQ is a reliable and valid measure of the extent to which individuals are able to organize their behavior around the pursuit of goals and has been shown to mediate the drinking reductions associated with the SFAS. We will examine the SSRQ as a secondary intervention outcome and mediator.	Enrollment, 12-months post intervention