Visual Perceptual Motor Training on Kindergarteners

Agraphia Clinical Trial

Official title:

Effects of Different Visual-perceptual-motor Training Courses on Kindergarten Children

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Recruiting

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT05795738
• Other study ID #: A-ER-111-161
• Status: Recruiting
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: November 1, 2022
• Est. completion date: August 31, 2026

Study information

• Verified date: May 2023
• Source: National Cheng-Kung University Hospital
• Contact: Yea-Shwu H Hwang, ScD
• Phone: 886-62353535
• Email: yshwang[@]mail.ncku.edu.tw
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

The study aims to investigate the effects of different visuomotor training programs on children's visuomotor skills and handwriting performance.

Description:

The purpose of this project is to investigate the effectiveness of visuomotor activities with different activity materials on fine motor, visual perception, visual-motor integration and handwriting performance of kindergarten children. Kindergarteners will be randomized into the three groups: control, Chinese, and traditional groups. Children in the Chinese and traditional groups will receive a visual perceptual motor training program twice every week for 12 weeks and those in the control group will not receive any intervention during the study period. in the end of fall semester of the first grade, the effectiveness of the interventional programs on handwriting performance of participants will be examined again.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Recruiting
• Enrollment: 180
• Est. completion date: August 31, 2026
• Est. primary completion date: August 31, 2026
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: All
• Age group: 5 Years to 6 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Kindergarten children who will study the first grade in coming September

• Both parents are native Mandarin Chinese speakers

Exclusion Criteria:

• A diagnosis of significant neurological, muscular, and skeletal system disorders

• Visual or hearing problems that cannot be corrected to be normal

• Genetic or chromosomal abnormality

• Significant neurological, muscular, and skeletal damage to the trunk or upper extremities

• moderate or severe intellectual disabilities

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Agraphia

Intervention

Behavioral:
• Chinese character-based visuomotor training program
this program includes visual-perceptual-motor play, paper-pencil activities, and ipad games using Chinese character as activity materials
• traditional visuomotor training program
this program includes play and paper-and-pencil activities, ipad games using commercial or self-designed stuffs as activity materials

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Taiwan	National Cheng Kung University	Tainan

Sponsors (2)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
National Cheng-Kung University Hospital	National Science and Technology Council

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Taiwan, 

References & Publications (17)

Chang SH, Yu NY. Visual and Haptic Perception Training to Improve Handwriting Skills in Children With Dysgraphia. Am J Occup Ther. 2017 Mar/Apr;71(2):7102220030p1-7102220030p10. doi: 10.5014/ajot.2017.021311. — View Citation

Chen YN, Lin CK, Wei TS, Liu CH, Wuang YP. The effectiveness of multimedia visual perceptual training groups for the preschool children with developmental delay. Res Dev Disabil. 2013 Dec;34(12):4447-54. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2013.09.023. Epub 2013 Oct 11. — View Citation

Daly CJ, Kelley GT, Krauss A. Relationship between visual-motor integration and handwriting skills of children in kindergarten: a modified replication study. Am J Occup Ther. 2003 Jul-Aug;57(4):459-62. doi: 10.5014/ajot.57.4.459. — View Citation

Dankert HL, Davies PL, Gavin WJ. Occupational therapy effects on visual-motor skills in preschool children. Am J Occup Ther. 2003 Sep-Oct;57(5):542-9. doi: 10.5014/ajot.57.5.542. — View Citation

Feder KP, Majnemer A, Bourbonnais D, Platt R, Blayney M, Synnes A. Handwriting performance in preterm children compared with term peers at age 6 to 7 years. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2005 Mar;47(3):163-70. doi: 10.1017/s0012162205000307. — View Citation

Feder KP, Majnemer A. Handwriting development, competency, and intervention. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2007 Apr;49(4):312-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2007.00312.x. — View Citation

Hwang YS, Su PF, Hsiao YL, Tsai WH, Hung JY. Developing a Nomogram Model to Predict the Risk of Poor Chinese Handwriting in First Grade. Am J Occup Ther. 2020 Sep/Oct;74(5):7405205080p1-7405205080p8. doi: 10.5014/ajot.2020.038711. — View Citation

Lee TI, Howe TH, Chen HL, Wang TN. Predicting Handwriting Legibility in Taiwanese Elementary School Children. Am J Occup Ther. 2016 Nov/Dec;70(6):7006220020p1-7006220020p9. doi: 10.5014/ajot.2016.016865. — View Citation

Ohl AM, Graze H, Weber K, Kenny S, Salvatore C, Wagreich S. Effectiveness of a 10-week tier-1 response to intervention program in improving fine motor and visual-motor skills in general education kindergarten students. Am J Occup Ther. 2013 Sep-Oct;67(5):507-14. doi: 10.5014/ajot.2013.008110. — View Citation

Poon KW, Li-Tsang CW, Weiss TP, Rosenblum S. The effect of a computerized visual perception and visual-motor integration training program on improving Chinese handwriting of children with handwriting difficulties. Res Dev Disabil. 2010 Nov-Dec;31(6):1552-60. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2010.06.001. — View Citation

Prunty M, Barnett AL, Wilmut K, Plumb M. Visual perceptual and handwriting skills in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder. Hum Mov Sci. 2016 Oct;49:54-65. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2016.06.003. Epub 2016 Jun 18. — View Citation

Ratzon NZ, Efraim D, Bart O. A short-term graphomotor program for improving writing readiness skills of first-grade students. Am J Occup Ther. 2007 Jul-Aug;61(4):399-405. doi: 10.5014/ajot.61.4.399. — View Citation

Taverna L, Tremolada M, Dozza L, Zanin Scaratti R, Ulrike D, Lallo C, Tosetto B. Who Benefits from An Intervention Program on Foundational Skills for Handwriting Addressed to Kindergarten Children and First Graders? Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Mar 24;17(6):2166. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17062166. — View Citation

Tse LF, Thanapalan KC, Chan CC. Visual-perceptual-kinesthetic inputs on influencing writing performances in children with handwriting difficulties. Res Dev Disabil. 2014 Feb;35(2):340-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2013.11.013. Epub 2013 Dec 11. — View Citation

Tseng MH, Chow SM. Perceptual-motor function of school-age children with slow handwriting speed. Am J Occup Ther. 2000 Jan-Feb;54(1):83-8. doi: 10.5014/ajot.54.1.83. — View Citation

van Hartingsveldt MJ, Cup EH, Hendriks JC, de Vries L, de Groot IJ, Nijhuis-van der Sanden MW. Predictive validity of kindergarten assessments on handwriting readiness. Res Dev Disabil. 2015 Jan;36C:114-124. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.08.014. Epub 2014 Oct 16. — View Citation

Volman MJ, van Schendel BM, Jongmans MJ. Handwriting difficulties in primary school children: a search for underlying mechanisms. Am J Occup Ther. 2006 Jul-Aug;60(4):451-60. doi: 10.5014/ajot.60.4.451. — View Citation

* Note: There are 17 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	The Chinese Handwriting Test	the change of the handwriting performance	baseline, after 12-week intervention, through study completion, an average of 1 year
Primary	The Chinese character recognition Test	the change of the Chinese character recognition ability	baseline, after 12-week intervention, through study completion, an average of 1 year
Primary	The Chinese Handwriting Evaluation Form (preschool version)	the change of handwriting performance by kindergarten teacher's rating	baseline, after 12-week intervention
Primary	The Chinese Handwriting Evaluation Form (School-aged version)	the change of handwriting skills by teacher's rating	through study completion, an average of 1 year
Primary	The Battery of Chinese Basic Literacy	the change of reading and handwriting skills	through study completion, an average of 1 year
Secondary	Test of Visual Perceptual Skills-Fourth Edition (TVPS-4)	the change of visual perceptual skills	baseline, after 12-week intervention, through study completion, an average of 1 year
Secondary	The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-Second Edition (BOT-2)	the change of fine motor skills	baseline, after 12-week intervention, through study completion, an average of 1 year
Secondary	The Berry-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration- Forth Edition (VMI)	the change of VMI	baseline, after 12-week intervention, through study completion, an average of 1 year