Brooks JH, Fuller CW, Kemp SP, Reddin DB Incidence, risk, and prevention of hamstring muscle injuries in professional rugby union. Am J Sports Med. 2006 Aug;34(8):1297-306. Epub 2006 Feb 21.
Lahti J, Huuhka T, Romero V, Bezodis I, Morin JB, Häkkinen K Changes in sprint performance and sagittal plane kinematics after heavy resisted sprint training in professional soccer players. PeerJ. 2020 Dec 15;8:e10507. doi: 10.7717/peerj.10507. eCollection 2020.
Setuain I, Lecumberri P, Izquierdo M Sprint mechanics return to competition follow-up after hamstring injury on a professional soccer player: A case study with an inertial sensor unit based methodological approach. J Biomech. 2017 Oct 3;63:186-191. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.08.010. Epub 2017 Aug 20.
Effects of a Multimodal Exercise Program on the Kinematics and Sprint Performance of Young Rugby Players: an Experimental Study.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
