Acute Pain Clinical Trial
Official title:
Determination of the Minimum Local Anesthetic Volume of 0.125% Bupivacaine in Labour Epidurals
Different medications can be used as analgesics in labor epidurals. Bupivacaine is one of the most commonly used drugs for that purpose. The efficacy of a certain medication injected epidurally depends on the dose that is given. A certain dose can be administered in different concentrations, which will consequently mean different volumes. Our hypothesis is that for each concentration of a certain drug, there has to be a minimum effective volume that will be associated with the best possible performance of the drug. This study is being conducted to find the minimum volume of bupivacaine (a local anesthetic) that produces successful analgesia in 95% of patients in labor.
Epidural administration of local anesthetics during labor produces analgesia, sympathetic
block and motor block. The characteristics of the block depend on the volume and
concentration of the local anesthetic that is used as well as the potential use of adjuncts.
Although many researchers have investigated the efficacy of different drugs at different
concentrations, the volumes used have been arbitrary. There is limited data regarding the
minimum volume that is necessary for a successful anesthetic for a given concentration of
bupivacaine.
This study is conducted as a prospective, randomized, up-down sequential allocation trial.
The aim is to determine the minimum volume of 0.125% bupivacaine that will provide effective
analgesia for 95% of parturients in the first stage of labor. The verbal numeric rating
scale (VNRS) is used to rate the pain felt over the first 20 minutes, where 0 is no pain and
10 is the worst pain imaginable. After 20 minutes, if the VNRS was greater than 2, the
volume of bupivacaine was considered inadequate and additional medication was given.
The volume of bupivacaine for the first patient was arbitrarily chosen as 8 ml, and the dose
for each subsequent patient depends on the outcome of the previous injection. Doses will be
increased or decreased in increments of 1 ml. If the previous response was ineffective, the
next patient will receive 1 ml more than the last patient. If the response of the previous
patient is effective, the Narayana rule, which is used to cluster doses around EV95, will be
applied to determine if the dose remains the same or decreases.
50 patients will be included in the study. An estimate of EV95 will be calculated based on a
logistic model with non-log-transformed doses, fit using Firth's penalized maximum
likelihood approach for small sample bias correction. Confidence intervals will be
calculated based on the profile likelihood approach.
;
Allocation: Randomized, Endpoint Classification: Efficacy Study, Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment, Masking: Single Blind (Subject), Primary Purpose: Treatment
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