Gardi C, Fazia T, Stringa B, Giommi F A short Mindfulness retreat can improve biological markers of stress and inflammation. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2022 Jan;135:105579. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105579. Epub 2021 Nov 6.
Heckenberg RA, Eddy P, Kent S, Wright BJ Do workplace-based mindfulness meditation programs improve physiological indices of stress? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychosom Res. 2018 Nov;114:62-71. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2018.09.010. Epub 2
Lesage FX, Berjot S, Deschamps F Clinical stress assessment using a visual analogue scale. Occup Med (Lond). 2012 Dec;62(8):600-5. doi: 10.1093/occmed/kqs140. Epub 2012 Sep 10.
Pascoe MC, Thompson DR, Jenkins ZM, Ski CF Mindfulness mediates the physiological markers of stress: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Res. 2017 Dec;95:156-178. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.08.004. Epub 2017 Aug 23.
Pascoe MC, Thompson DR, Ski CF Yoga, mindfulness-based stress reduction and stress-related physiological measures: A meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2017 Dec;86:152-168. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.08.008. Epub 2017 Aug 30.
Zhang L, Qi H, Wang L, Wang F, Huang J, Li F, Zhang Z Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on acute stress disorder and career planning among healthcare students. Int J Ment Health Nurs. 2021 Aug;30(4):907-916. doi: 10.1111/inm.12839. Epub 2021 May 17.
Integrating NIH Reset Stress Strategies Into DPT Curriculum
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.