Dewi Perwito Sari, I S.a.J.K., THE MECHANISM OF ALA ON REDUCING THE MDA LEVEL AND MCP-1 EXPRESSION IN ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION OF HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA RAT MODEL. Folia Medica Indonesiana, 2016. 52.
Gomes MB, Negrato CA Alpha-lipoic acid as a pleiotropic compound with potential therapeutic use in diabetes and other chronic diseases. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2014 Jul 28;6(1):80. doi: 10.1186/1758-5996-6-80. eCollection 2014.
Jia J, Gong X, Zhao Y, Yang Z, Ji K, Luan T, Zang B, Li G Autophagy Enhancing Contributes to the Organ Protective Effect of Alpha-Lipoic Acid in Septic Rats. Front Immunol. 2019 Jul 2;10:1491. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01491. eCollection 2019.
Jiang S, Zhu W, Li C, Zhang X, Lu T, Ding Z, Cao K, Liu L alpha-Lipoic acid attenuates LPS-induced cardiac dysfunction through a PI3K/Akt-dependent mechanism. Int Immunopharmacol. 2013 May;16(1):100-7. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.03.024. Epub 2013 Apr 3.
Lowes DA, Webster NR, Murphy MP, Galley HF Antioxidants that protect mitochondria reduce interleukin-6 and oxidative stress, improve mitochondrial function, and reduce biochemical markers of organ dysfunction in a rat model of acute sepsis. Br J Anaesth. 2013 Mar;110(3):472-80. doi: 10.1093/bja/aes577. Epub 2013 Feb 4.
Park S, Karunakaran U, Jeoung NH, Jeon JH, Lee IK Physiological effect and therapeutic application of alpha lipoic acid. Curr Med Chem. 2014;21(32):3636-45. doi: 10.2174/0929867321666140706141806.
Zhu T, Liao X, Feng T, Wu Q, Zhang J, Cao X, Li H Plasma Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 as a Predictive Marker for Sepsis Prognosis: A Prospective Cohort Study. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2017 Feb;241(2):139-147. doi: 10.1620/tjem.241.139.
The Effect of Alpha-Lipoic Acid on the Clinical Outcome of Patients With Sepsis
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
