Hoermann R, Midgley JE, Larisch R, Dietrich JW Homeostatic Control of the Thyroid-Pituitary Axis: Perspectives for Diagnosis and Treatment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2015 Nov 20;6:177. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00177. eCollection 2015. Review.
Hoermann R, Midgley JE, Larisch R, Dietrich JW Is pituitary TSH an adequate measure of thyroid hormone-controlled homoeostasis during thyroxine treatment? Eur J Endocrinol. 2013 Jan 17;168(2):271-80. doi: 10.1530/EJE-12-0819. Print 2013 Feb.
Hoermann R, Midgley JEM, Larisch R, Dietrich JW Recent Advances in Thyroid Hormone Regulation: Toward a New Paradigm for Optimal Diagnosis and Treatment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2017 Dec 22;8:364. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00364. eCollection 2017. Review.
Hoermann R, Midgley JEM, Larisch R, Dietrich JW The role of functional thyroid capacity in pituitary thyroid feedback regulation. Eur J Clin Invest. 2018 Oct;48(10):e13003. doi: 10.1111/eci.13003. Epub 2018 Aug 1.
Hoermann R, Midgley JEM, Larisch R, Dietrich JWC Advances in applied homeostatic modelling of the relationship between thyrotropin and free thyroxine. PLoS One. 2017 Nov 20;12(11):e0187232. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187232. eCollection 2017.
Larisch R, Midgley JEM, Dietrich JW, Hoermann R Symptomatic Relief is Related to Serum Free Triiodothyronine Concentrations during Follow-up in Levothyroxine-Treated Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2018 Sep;126(9):546-552. doi: 10.1055/s-0043-125064. Epub 2018 Feb 2.
Midgley JE, Larisch R, Dietrich JW, Hoermann R Variation in the biochemical response to l-thyroxine therapy and relationship with peripheral thyroid hormone conversion efficiency. Endocr Connect. 2015 Dec;4(4):196-205. doi: 10.1530/EC-150056.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
