Eldor L, Weissman A, Fodor L, Carmi N, Ullmann Y Breast augmentation under general anesthesia versus monitored anesthesia care: a retrospective comparative study. Ann Plast Surg. 2008 Sep;61(3):243-6. doi: 10.1097/SAP.0b013e31815bfe98.
Sá Rêgo MM, Watcha MF, White PF The changing role of monitored anesthesia care in the ambulatory setting. Anesth Analg. 1997 Nov;85(5):1020-36. Review.
Sá Rêgo MM, White PF What is new in monitored anesthesia care? Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 1998 Dec;11(6):601-6.
Scarborough DA, Herron JB, Khan A, Bisaccia E Experience with more than 5,000 cases in which monitored anesthesia care was used for liposuction surgery. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2003 Nov-Dec;27(6):474-80. Epub 2004 Mar 4. Review.
Snyder SK, Roberson CR, Cummings CC, Rajab MH Local Anesthesia With Monitored Anesthesia Care vs General Anesthesia in Thyroidectomy: A Randomized Study. Arch Surg. 2006 Feb;141(2):167-73.
Warner MA, Shields SE, Chute CG Major morbidity and mortality within 1 month of ambulatory surgery and anesthesia. JAMA. 1993 Sep 22-29;270(12):1437-41.
White PF Criteria for fast-tracking outpatients after ambulatory surgery. J Clin Anesth. 1999 Feb;11(1):78-9.
Wong J, Tong D, De Silva Y, Abrishami A, Chung F Development of the functional recovery index for ambulatory surgery and anesthesia. Anesthesiology. 2009 Mar;110(3):596-602. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e318197a16d.
A Comparison of the Effect of Intravenous Sedation Versus General Anesthesia in Patients Undergoing Minor Gynecologic Surgery
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
