View clinical trials related to Oxidative Stress.
Filter by:Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is an important manifestation of systemic atherosclerosis and is characterized by obstruction of the arteries of the lower extremities. PAD is usually associated with vascular complications that occur not only in peripheral circulation but also in cerebral and coronary trees (PubMed ID: 9892517). Endothelial dysfunction, reduced glucose oxidation, accumulation of toxic metabolites, alteration in nitric oxide (NO) generation and oxidative stress seem to play a role among the factors that contribute to reducing blood flow in PAD patients (PubMed ID: 17298965). Hypertension is a risk factor for vascular disorders, including PAD. In fact, it has been shown that 55% of PAD patients are hypertensive. (PubMed ID: 15579058) PAD and hypertension patients have a risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular mortality increased two to three times compared to healthy subjects. The alteration of platelet function is implicated in the development and progression of atherosclerosis, as well as in the pathogenesis of acute cardiac ischemic events. Platelet activation is increased in patients with PAD and hypertension compared to healthy controls, suggesting a pro-thrombotic state. Polyphenols are a class of natural, synthetic and semisynthetic substances with beneficial effects on human health. In particular, the polyphenols exert their beneficial effect through 1) the inhibition of NADPH oxidase (Nox2), which is crucial for the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS); 2) an antiplatelet effects 3) the activation of autophagy. Trehalose is a natural disaccharide that performs multiple functions such as a protective action against oxidative stress, temperature changes, accumulation of protein aggregates and dehydration. Furthermore, recent evidence has shown that trehalose could prevent inflammatory responses induced by endotoxic shock both in vivo and in vitro. Therefore the purpose of this work will be to determine in PAD and hypertension patients the effect of the intake of trehalose and a polyphenol mix on oxidative stress biomarkers, autophagic activity and endothelial dysfunction.
Risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is significantly elevated in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD); however, this increased risk is only partially explained by traditional CV risk factors. Arterial dysfunction is an important nontraditional CV risk factor gaining increased recognition in the field of nephrology. This process is best represented, both physiologically and pathophysiologically, by increases in the gold standard measure of arterial stiffening, carotid to femoral artery pulse wave velocity (CFPWV), which reflects, in particular, increases in aortic stiffness. Aortic stiffening with CKD is mediated by structural and functional (increased vascular smooth muscle tone) changes in the arterial wall stimulated by oxidative stress and chronic low-grade inflammation. Caloric restriction (CR) is a promising strategy for prevention of CKD-associated arterial dysfunction and CVD. However, long-term adherence to chronic CR regimens with optimal nutrition is very difficult to achieve. Research has shown that boosting NAD+ bioavailability to stimulate SIRT-1, a "CR mimetic" approach, reduces CFPW and oxidative stress in old mice, and this lab recently took the first step in translating these findings in a study of adults with normal kidney function and elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP). The data found that supplementation with nicotinamide riboside, a natural, commercially available precursor of NAD+ and novel CR mimetic, increased NAD+ bioavailability and reduced CFPWV and SBP. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, single-site phase IIa clinical trial to assess the safety and efficacy of oral nicotinamide riboside (500 mg capsules 2x/day; NIAGEN®; ChromaDex Inc.) for 3 months vs. placebo for decreasing aortic stiffness and SBP in patients (35-80 years) with stage III and IV CKD is being proposed. It is hypothesized that treatment will reduce CFPWV and SBP, as related to increases in systemic NAD+ bioavailability and reductions in oxidative stress, and inflammation. Aim 1: To measure CFPWV (primary outcome) before/after nicotinamide riboside vs. placebo treatment; Aim 2: To measure casual and 24h-ambulatory SBP (secondary outcome) before and after treatment; Aim 3: To determine the safety and tolerability of treatment with nicotinamide riboside vs. placebo; Aim 4: To measure systemic NAD+ and NAD+-related metabolite concentrations, as well as circulating markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and vasoconstriction factors before and after treatment.
The investigators intend to evaluate Oxidative Stress biomarkers through a. Catalase Activity Assay; b. Lipid Peroxidation Assay; c. SOD Assay; d. Total Antioxidant Capacity Assay; e. Glutathione Peroxidase at patients with acute myocardial infarction STEMI referred for primary PCI; The investigators also aim to evaluate cardiac necrosis by measuring Heart Fatty Acid Binding Protein (H-FABP), TnI, CK, CK-MB, LDH and AST in these patients with acute myocardial infarction referred for primary PCI; Also, the investigators intend to evaluate body composition through bioimpedance spectroscopy (BCM - Fresenius Care) at the moment of admission. The investigators aim to fully characterise these patients through oxidative millieu, hFABP and make correlations with LVEF dysfunction.
This study is an ancillary (add-on) study to the clinical trial entitled "Effect of Nitric Oxide in Cardiac Surgery Patients With Endothelial Dysfunction", which has Clinical Trials.gov identifier NCT02836899. NCT02836899 trial randomizes cardiac surgical patients to receive either Nitric Oxide (NO) or a placebo during and after cardiac surgery. This ancillary study aims to assess the effects of Nitric Oxide on plasma reduction-oxidation reactions of patients undergoing cardiac surgery requiring prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass.
Skeletal muscle dysfunction is a frequent and clinically relevant systemic manifestation of Chronic Pulmonary Obstructive Disease (COPD), which is still poorly understood. Therefore, the focus of this study is on the role of a deficit in tetrahydrobiopterin and nitric oxide synthase uncoupling induced by chronic oxidative stress on metabolic and vascular abnormalities in skeletal muscle of patients suffering from COPD.
Patients with diagnosis of spontaneous abortion are enrolled in the cohort, in the cohort of patients who met the criteria, 3ml of whole blood intravenous and 5ml of urine were taken for heavy metal level examnation. Part of the villi tissue was sent for genetic testing, and the results were traced. In addition, about 10g of villi tissue was frozen for testing. Patients with normal genetic results of villi tissue will have villus samples go through oxidative stress level detection.
One of the most likely mechanisms explaining the sleep apnea (SA)-induced increase in metabolic syndrome is the oxidative stress (OS) induced by intermittent hypoxia (IH). There are clear-cut signs of OS in postmenopausal women that may be further enhanced by SA. In rats exposed to IH, an estradiol receptor alpha agonist decreases the level of OS markers. The aims of this study are to compare OS in apneic and non-apneic postmenopausal women and to demonstrate that OS will improve after 3 months of treatment with ER alpha agonists (Duavive) in apneic post-menopausal women.
The composition of a food or a meal consumed plays an important role in the rate of postprandial endocrine and metabolic response, especially if high in fats, sugars and total energy content and a reduction in its entity is related to beneficial effects towards the prevention of several chronical diseases. The physiological postprandial response depends on several factors, both intrinsic, such as natural characteristic of food, and extrinsic, such as the way in which food is processed. This study aims at investigating postprandial hormonal, metabolic, oxidative stress, inflammation and endotoxaemia responses after the consumption of different commercial confectionary products made with different reformulation (ingredients and/or processing techniques).The principal scope of the study is to evaluate the impact of the reformulation of different snacks on postprandial responses. The investigators therefore designed a randomized controlled crossover trial, in which 15 healthy volunteers will consume different isocaloric confectionary products (snacks) and their related reformulation (total products number = 6) and a reference snack. Venous blood samples will be collected until 4-h after meal consumption. In order to evaluate postprandial hormonal, metabolic, oxidative stress, inflammation and endotoxaemia responses several markers will be evaluate: - metabolic substrates: glucose; Triglycerides and NEFA; - hormones: insulin; c-peptide; GLP-1, GIP, leptin, ghrelin, PYY; - markers of inflammation: IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, TNF-α, hsCRP, MCP-1; - markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity: GSH, FRAP; - endotoxaemia: lipopolysaccharides (LPS). These results will contribute to a detailed evaluation of the effects of reformulation on physiological events after meal consumption, leading to clarify if these variations in ingredients and/or processing techniques can modify postprandial responses, making them more similar to those originated from the reference snack.
The present study will investigate the effect of prior walking on postprandial metabolism and endothelial function in centrally obese South Asian and White European men. Participants will complete two, 2-day trials in a random, crossover design separated by at least a week. On day 1, participants will either rest or complete a 60 minute walk at 60% maximal oxygen uptake. On day 2, participants will arrive at 08:00 having fasted overnight and a baseline venous blood sample and endothelial function measurement will be taken. Participants will consume a high-fat breakfast and lunch and 12 subsequent venous blood samples will be taken throughout the day at standardised intervals to measure a variety of coronary heart disease risk markers. A second endothelial function measurement will be completed 2 hours after the breakfast. Blood pressure will be measured every hour. It is expected that the South Asian participants will have impaired metabolism and endothelial function compared to their European counterparts but the bout of exercise performed on day 1 will mitigate these responses.
The accumulation of unpaired α-globin chains in β-thalassemia major patients may clinically create ineffective erythropoiesis, hemolysis, and chronic anemia. Multiple blood transfusions and iron overload cause cellular oxidative damage. However, α-tocopherol, an antioxidant, has been known as a potent scavenger of lipid radicals in the red cell membrane of β-thalassemia major patient. By this randomized controlled trial, the investigators would like to evaluate the effects of α-tocopherol in hemolysis and oxidative stress on the red cell membrane of β-thalassemia major.