Vasculogenic Erectile Dysfunction — Linear Focused Shockwave Treatment for Erectile Dysfunction
Citation(s)
Goyal NK, Garg M, Goel A Re: Does low intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy have a physiological effect on erectile function? Short-term results of a randomized, double-blind, sham controlled study: Y. Vardi, B. Appel, A. Kilchevsky and I. Gruenwald. J Urol 2012; 187: 1769-1775. J Urol. 2012 Nov;188(5):2018-9. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.07.052. Epub 2012 Sep 20.
Rosen RC, Allen KR, Ni X, Araujo AB Minimal clinically important differences in the erectile function domain of the International Index of Erectile Function scale. Eur Urol. 2011 Nov;60(5):1010-6. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2011.07.053. Epub 2011 Jul 30.
Rosen RC, Cappelleri JC, Gendrano N 3rd The International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF): a state-of-the-science review. Int J Impot Res. 2002 Aug;14(4):226-44. Review.
Vardi Y, Appel B, Jacob G, Massarwi O, Gruenwald I Can low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy improve erectile function? A 6-month follow-up pilot study in patients with organic erectile dysfunction. Eur Urol. 2010 Aug;58(2):243-8. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2010.04.004. Epub 2010 May 6.
Linear Focused Shockwave Treatment for Erectile Dysfunction
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
