Oral Complications — Oral Care Frequency in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Citation(s)
Bordenave C [Evaluation of the effectiveness of a protocol of intensification of mouth care (teeth brushing and chlorhexidine 0.12%) on the colonisation of tracheal aspirations in intubated and ventilated patients in intensive care]. Rech Soins Infirm. 2
Deschepper M, Waegeman W, Eeckloo K, Vogelaers D, Blot S Effects of chlorhexidine gluconate oral care on hospital mortality: a hospital-wide, observational cohort study. Intensive Care Med. 2018 Jul;44(7):1017-1026. doi: 10.1007/s00134-018-5171-3. Epub 2018 May 9.
Kocaçal Güler E, Türk G Oral Chlorhexidine Against Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia and Microbial Colonization in Intensive Care Patients. West J Nurs Res. 2019 Jun;41(6):901-919. doi: 10.1177/0193945918781531. Epub 2018 Jun 15.
McCue MK, Palmer GA Use of Chlorhexidine to Prevent Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in a Long-term Care Setting: A Retrospective Medical Record Review. J Nurs Care Qual. 2019 Jul/Sep;34(3):263-268. doi: 10.1097/NCQ.0000000000000367. Review.
Saddki N, Mohamad Sani FE, Tin-Oo MM Oral care for intubated patients: a survey of intensive care unit nurses. Nurs Crit Care. 2017 Mar;22(2):89-98. doi: 10.1111/nicc.12119. Epub 2014 Oct 28.
Türk G, Kocaçal Güler E, Eser I, Khorshid L Oral care practices of intensive care nurses: a descriptive study. Int J Nurs Pract. 2012 Aug;18(4):347-53. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-172X.2012.02045.x.
Villar CC, Pannuti CM, Nery DM, Morillo CM, Carmona MJ, Romito GA Effectiveness of Intraoral Chlorhexidine Protocols in the Prevention of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. Respir Care. 2016 Sep;61(9):1245-59. doi: 10.4187/respcare.04610. Epub 2016 Aug 9.
Zand F, Zahed L, Mansouri P, Dehghanrad F, Bahrani M, Ghorbani M The effects of oral rinse with 0.2% and 2% chlorhexidine on oropharyngeal colonization and ventilator associated pneumonia in adults' intensive care units. J Crit Care. 2017 Aug;40:318-322. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2017.02.029. Epub 2017 Mar 1.
The Effect of Oral Care Frequency on Oral Mucosa Membrane Integrity in Patients With Mechanical Ventilation Support
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.