Erol E, Yildiz A, Yildiz R, Apaydin U, Gokmen D, Elbasan B Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of the Fremantle Back Awareness Questionnaire. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2019 May 1;44(9):E549-E554. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000002909.
Koroglu F, Colak TK, Polat MG The effect of Kinesio(R) taping on pain, functionality, mobility and endurance in the treatment of chronic low back pain: A randomized controlled study. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2017 Sep 22;30(5):1087-1093. doi: 10.3233/BMR-169705.
Luz Junior MA, Sousa MV, Neves LA, Cezar AA, Costa LO Kinesio Taping(R) is not better than placebo in reducing pain and disability in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain: a randomized controlled trial. Braz J Phys Ther. 2015 Nov-Dec;19(6):482-90. doi: 10.1590/bjpt-rbf.2014.0128. Epub 2015 Oct 9.
Macedo LB, Richards J, Borges DT, Melo SA, Brasileiro JS Kinesio Taping reduces pain and improves disability in low back pain patients: a randomised controlled trial. Physiotherapy. 2019 Mar;105(1):65-75. doi: 10.1016/j.physio.2018.07.005. Epub 2018 Jul 26.
Wand BM, Catley MJ, Rabey MI, O'Sullivan PB, O'Connell NE, Smith AJ Disrupted Self-Perception in People With Chronic Low Back Pain. Further Evaluation of the Fremantle Back Awareness Questionnaire. J Pain. 2016 Sep;17(9):1001-12. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2016.06.003. Epub 2016 Jun 18.
The Effect of Kinesio Tape on Back-Specific Body Perception, Pain, Functional Status, and Physical Activity Level in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
