Intubation;Difficult — If Different Types of Periampullary Diverticula Affect ERCP Cannulation?
Citation(s)
Cappell MS, Mogrovejo E, Manickam P, Batke M Endoclips to facilitate cannulation and sphincterotomy during ERCP in a patient with an ampulla within a large duodenal diverticulum: case report and literature review. Dig Dis Sci. 2015 Jan;60(1):168-73. doi:
Kim KY, Han J, Kim HG, Kim BS, Jung JT, Kwon JG, Kim EY, Lee CH Late Complications and Stone Recurrence Rates after Bile Duct Stone Removal by Endoscopic Sphincterotomy and Large Balloon Dilation are Similar to Those after Endoscopic Sphincterotomy Alone
Lobo DN, Balfour TW, Iftikhar SY Periampullary diverticula: consequences of failed ERCP. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 1998 Sep;80(5):326-31.
Tyagi P, Sharma P, Sharma BC, Puri AS Periampullary diverticula and technical success of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Surg Endosc. 2009 Jun;23(6):1342-5. doi: 10.1007/s00464-008-0167-7. Epub 2008 Sep 26.
If Different Types of Periampullary Diverticula Affect ERCP Cannulation?
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
