Insulin Resistance — The RCT of Acupuncture on PCOS Combined With IR
Citation(s)
Benrick A, Maliqueo M, Johansson J, Sun M, Wu X, Mannerås-Holm L, Stener-Victorin E Enhanced insulin sensitivity and acute regulation of metabolic genes and signaling pathways after a single electrical or manual acupuncture session in female insulin-resistant rats. Acta Diabetol. 2014 Dec;51(6):963-72. doi: 10.1007/s00592-014-0645-4. Epub 2014 Sep 14. Erratum in: Acta Diabetol. 2015 Feb;52(1):219-20. Acta Diabetol. 2015 Feb;52(1):219-20.
Betteridge DJ Thiazolidinediones and fracture risk in patients with Type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med. 2011 Jul;28(7):759-71. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.03187.x. Review.
Bhathena RK Insulin resistance and the long-term consequences of polycystic ovary syndrome. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2011;31(2):105-10. doi: 10.3109/01443615.2010.539722. Review.
Chang CT, Chen YC, Fang JT, Huang CC Metformin-associated lactic acidosis: case reports and literature review. J Nephrol. 2002 Jul-Aug;15(4):398-402. Review.
Chen X, Yang D, Li L, Feng S, Wang L Abnormal glucose tolerance in Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod. 2006 Aug;21(8):2027-32. Epub 2006 May 9.
Dunaif A Drug insight: insulin-sensitizing drugs in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome--a reappraisal. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab. 2008 May;4(5):272-83. doi: 10.1038/ncpendmet0787. Epub 2008 Mar 25. Review.
Farrell K, Antoni MH Insulin resistance, obesity, inflammation, and depression in polycystic ovary syndrome: biobehavioral mechanisms and interventions. Fertil Steril. 2010 Oct;94(5):1565-74. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.03.081. Epub 2010 May 14. Review.
Franks S When should an insulin sensitizing agent be used in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome? Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2011 Feb;74(2):148-51. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2010.03934.x.
Jiang M, Lu C, Zhang C, Yang J, Tan Y, Lu A, Chan K Syndrome differentiation in modern research of traditional Chinese medicine. J Ethnopharmacol. 2012 Apr 10;140(3):634-42. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.01.033. Epub 2012 Feb 1. Review.
Lakkakula BV, Thangavelu M, Godla UR Genetic variants associated with insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2013 Jul;30(7):883-95. doi: 10.1007/s10815-013-0030-1. Epub 2013 Jun 22. Review.
Liang F, Koya D Acupuncture: is it effective for treatment of insulin resistance? Diabetes Obes Metab. 2010 Jul;12(7):555-69. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2009.01192.x. Review.
McHorney CA, Ware JE Jr, Raczek AE The MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36): II. Psychometric and clinical tests of validity in measuring physical and mental health constructs. Med Care. 1993 Mar;31(3):247-63.
Moher D, Schulz KF, Altman D; CONSORT Group The CONSORT Statement: revised recommendations for improving the quality of reports of parallel-group randomized trials 2001. Explore (NY). 2005 Jan;1(1):40-5.
Nestler JE Role of hyperinsulinemia in the pathogenesis of the polycystic ovary syndrome, and its clinical implications. Semin Reprod Endocrinol. 1997 May;15(2):111-22. Review.
Ni RM, Mo Y, Chen X, Zhong J, Liu W, Yang D Low prevalence of the metabolic syndrome but high occurrence of various metabolic disorders in Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol. 2009 Sep;161(3):411-8. doi: 10.1530/EJE-09-0298. Epub 2009 Jun 19.
Pauli JM, Raja-Khan N, Wu X, Legro RS Current perspectives of insulin resistance and polycystic ovary syndrome. Diabet Med. 2011 Dec;28(12):1445-54. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03460.x. Review.
Stener-Victorin E, Jedel E, Janson PO, Sverrisdottir YB Low-frequency electroacupuncture and physical exercise decrease high muscle sympathetic nerve activity in polycystic ovary syndrome. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2009 Aug;297(2):R387-95. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00197.2009. Epub 2009 Jun 3.
Triggle CR, Ding H Cardiovascular impact of drugs used in the treatment of diabetes. Ther Adv Chronic Dis. 2014 Nov;5(6):245-68. doi: 10.1177/2040622314546125. Review.
Witt CM, Pach D, Brinkhaus B, Wruck K, Tag B, Mank S, Willich SN Safety of acupuncture: results of a prospective observational study with 229,230 patients and introduction of a medical information and consent form. Forsch Komplementmed. 2009 Apr;16(2):91-7. doi: 10.1159/000209315. Epub 2009 Apr 9.
Zheng Y, Stener-Victorin E, Ng EH, Li J, Wu X, Ma H How does acupuncture affect insulin sensitivity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and insulin resistance? Study protocol of a prospective pilot study. BMJ Open. 2015 May 3;5(4):e007757. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-007757.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.