Hearing Impairment — Do Bluetooth Noise Cancelling Headphones Improve the Quality of Care in Hearing Impaired Patients?
Citation(s)
Bainbridge KE, Wallhagen MI Hearing loss in an aging American population: extent, impact, and management. Annu Rev Public Health. 2014;35:139-52. doi: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032013-182510.
Bentler R, Wu YH, Kettel J, Hurtig R Digital noise reduction: outcomes from laboratory and field studies. Int J Audiol. 2008 Aug;47(8):447-60. doi: 10.1080/14992020802033091.
GBD 2016 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet. 2017 Sep 16;390(10100):1211-1259. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32154-2. Erratum In: Lancet. 2017 Oct 28;390(10106):e38.
World Health Organization Report of the informal working group on prevention of deafness and hearing impairment Programme planning, Geneva, 18-21 June 1991.
Do Bluetooth Noise Cancelling Headphones Improve the Quality of Care in Hearing Impaired Patients?
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
