Dysmenorrhea — The Study on the Therapeutic Effect and Mechanism of Transcutaneous Acupoint Electrical Stimulation in Female
Citation(s)
Banikarim C, Chacko MR, Kelder SH Prevalence and impact of dysmenorrhea on Hispanic female adolescents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2000 Dec;154(12):1226-9. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.154.12.1226.
Jamieson DJ, Steege JF The prevalence of dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, pelvic pain, and irritable bowel syndrome in primary care practices. Obstet Gynecol. 1996 Jan;87(1):55-8. doi: 10.1016/0029-7844(95)00360-6.
Latthe P, Latthe M, Say L, Gulmezoglu M, Khan KS WHO systematic review of prevalence of chronic pelvic pain: a neglected reproductive health morbidity. BMC Public Health. 2006 Jul 6;6:177. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-6-177.
Nasir L, Bope ET Management of pelvic pain from dysmenorrhea or endometriosis. J Am Board Fam Pract. 2004 Nov-Dec;17 Suppl:S43-7. doi: 10.3122/jabfm.17.suppl_1.s43.
Proctor M, Farquhar C Diagnosis and management of dysmenorrhoea. BMJ. 2006 May 13;332(7550):1134-8. doi: 10.1136/bmj.332.7550.1134. No abstract available.
The Study on the Therapeutic Effect and Mechanism of Transcutaneous Acupoint Electrical Stimulation in Female
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
