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NCT ID: NCT05068505 Completed - Clinical trials for Hypertension; Community Health Workers

Effectiveness of a Community Health Worker Delivered Care Intervention for Hypertension Control in Uganda

CHW-HTC
Start date: January 5, 2023
Phase: N/A
Study type: Interventional

Over 80% of the morbidity and mortality related to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) occurs in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Community health workers (CHWs) may improve disease control and medication adherence among patients with NCDs in LMICs, but data are scarce, particularly in sub-Saharan African settings. In Uganda, and the majority of LMICs, management of uncontrolled blood pressure remains limited in constrained health systems. Intervening at the primary care level, using CHWs to improve medical treatment outcomes has not been well studied. The investigators aim to determine the effectiveness of a CHW-led intervention in blood pressure control among confirmed hypertensive patients and patient-related factors associated with uncontrolled hypertension. Methods: Conduction of a stepped-wedge cluster randomized controlled trial study of 869 adult patients with hypertension attending two NCD clinics to test the effectiveness, acceptability and fidelity of a CHW-led intervention. The multi-component intervention will be centered on monthly household visits by trained CHWs for a period of seven months, consisting of the following; (1) blood pressure and sugar monitoring; (2) BMI monitoring; (3) cardiovascular disease risk assessment; (4) Using checklists to guide monitoring and referral to clinics; (5) healthy lifestyle counselling and education. During home visits, CHWs will remind patients of follow-up visits. The investigators will measure blood pressure at baseline and 3-monthly for the entire cohort. The investigators will additionally test acceptability of the intervention and fidelity over the course of the intervention. The investigators will conduct individual-level mixed effects analyses of study data, adjusting for time and clustering by patient and community. Conclusion: The results of this study will inform community delivered hypertension management across a range of LMIC settings.

NCT ID: NCT05064956 Completed - Hiv Clinical Trials

Ad26.ZEBOV Booster in HIV+ Adults Previously Vaccinated With Ad26.ZEBOV/MVA-BN-Filo (EBOVAC HIV+ Booster Study)

Start date: October 6, 2021
Phase: Phase 2
Study type: Interventional

This is an open label study to evaluate the safety and immune response to a booster dose of Ad26.ZEBOV Ebola vaccine in HIV+ adults from Kenya and Uganda. Only participants who have received the 2-dose Ebola vaccine regimen "Ad26.ZEBOV/MVA-BN-Filo " in the VAC52150EBL2002 vaccine trial about 4 years ago are eligible to take part. Approximately 50 healthy HIV+ adults, aged 18 - 50 years at the time of the parent trial, will be invited. Participants will first be asked to provide consent to participate in this study. Upon receiving the booster vaccination, participants will be followed up for approximately 28 days (+/- 3 days) to collect information on side effects and provide blood samples for antibody measurement. This study is designed to provide descriptive information regarding vaccine safety and immunogenicity. There is no formal treatment comparisons and no formal testing of statistical hypothesis.

NCT ID: NCT05059457 Completed - Anemia Clinical Trials

Comparison of Blood Sampling Methods for Hemoglobin Measurement

Start date: August 23, 2021
Phase:
Study type: Observational

This study is designed to inform The DHS Program on whether there are variations in hemoglobin concentration using the DHS standard technique of a single drop of capillary blood and alternative blood sources (pooled capillary and venous blood) using the HemoCue 201+ analyzer compared to venous blood using a clinical hematology autoanalyzer. Research Objectives: 1. To determine if there are differences in the hemoglobin concentration between a single drop of capillary blood (blood drop #3) and a pooled drop of capillary blood measured on the HemoCue 201+ analyzer in apparently healthy non-pregnant women age 15-49 and children age 6-59 months in a controlled setting (i.e., blood specimens are collected in a laboratory setting). 2. To determine if there are differences in the hemoglobin concentration between a single drop of capillary blood (blood drop #3) measured on the HemoCue 201+ analyzer against venous blood measured on HemoCue 201+ analyzer and a clinical autoanalyzer in apparently healthy non-pregnant women age 15-49 and children age 6-59 months in a controlled and field setting. 3. To determine if there are differences in the hemoglobin concentration between a pooled drop of capillary blood measured on the HemoCue 201+ analyzer against venous blood measured on HemoCue 201+ analyzer and a clinical autoanalyzer in apparently healthy non-pregnant women age 15-49 and children age 6-59 months in a controlled and field setting. 4. To compare results of hemoglobin distribution and estimates of anemia prevalence using two types of capillary blood (single drop and pooled) and venous blood measured on the HemoCue 201+ analyzer and a clinical autoanalyzer using venous blood in a controlled and field setting.

NCT ID: NCT05010317 Completed - Clinical trials for Medication Adherence

Mindfulness and Acceptance Based Therapy for Adolescents Living With HIV

Start date: November 1, 2022
Phase: N/A
Study type: Interventional

Adolescents represent a growing share of people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), yet show poor adherence to medication and viral suppression (VS) compared to adults. Investigators postulate that to achieve optimal adherence, support interventions that resonate with life-stages changes in adolescence need to be tested and promoted. Mindfulness and acceptance based interventions are slowly gaining traction as appropriate for adolescents. The study proposes to explore acceptability of an adapted mindfulness and acceptance-based psychosocial intervention (acceptance and commitment therapy: Discoverer, Noticer, Advisor-values model-ACT-DNA-v), among providers (health care practitioners -HCPs) and users (adolescents living with HIV/AIDS-ALWHA). Further, it endeavors to measure feasibility and effectiveness of ACT-DNA-v in reducing psychological barriers to adherence among ALWHAs. The study is to be conducted at two public health centers in Kampala-Uganda. The study design is exploratory sequential mixed-methods; where qualitative data is to be used to explore acceptance of ACT-DNA-v, while quantitative data will be used to measure feasibility of the intervention and its effectiveness in reducing psychosocial barriers to adherence. Qualitative exploratory methods will guide exploration of acceptability of ACT-DNA-v among users and providers; collecting data with a semi-structured interview on domains of inquiry including; understanding, satisfaction, intention to use and perceived appropriateness of ACT-DNA-v. A randomized control trial with quantitative surveys at baseline, post-intervention and follow-up will used to measure the effects of the intervention on process and clinical outcomes among ALWHA. Thematic data analysis will be used to analyze qualitative data, while T-test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, Fisher's exact and Chi-square tests respectively will be used to ascertain average mean differences between the ACT group and the control group on the outcome parameters.

NCT ID: NCT04969250 Completed - Covid19 Clinical Trials

Vaccination for Recovered Inpatients With COVID-19 (VATICO)

Start date: August 25, 2021
Phase: Phase 4
Study type: Interventional

In this Phase 4, open-label trial, participants of the ACTIV-3/TICO clinical trial at selected sites who received certain pre-specified blinded investigational agents or placebo as part of that trial, and who have since achieved sustained recovery, and who are still [TICO assignment] blinded and who are still within 28 to 90 days after initial TICO randomization, will be randomized in this 2x2 factorial design to one of four groups: (i) immediate versus 12 week deferral of first dose administration and also (ii) one dose only, versus two doses to be given 4 weeks apart of the Moderna mRNA-1273 or the Pfizer BNT162b2 vaccine (mRNA vaccines). Choice of Moderna or Pfizer vaccine is determined based on availability at the site. The choice is individual, although participants vaccinated twice should receive the same type of vaccine for both injections. The primary objectives of this 2x2 factorial design are (i) to estimate the difference in neutralizing antibody (NAb) response to the mRNA vaccine from baseline to Week 48 among participants vaccinated early versus deferred, and (ii) to estimate the difference in NAb response to this vaccine among participants vaccinated once versus twice. The primary analyses will be carried out in participants randomized to placebo in TICO. Analyses will also be carried out for those who receive the investigational agent(s) studied in TICO. A key secondary objective is to ascertain the effect, if any, of SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies, and other interventions that have been studied in hospitalized COVID-19 subjects, on natural and vaccine-induced immunity. Participants will remain blinded to the interventions received in the ACTIV-3/TICO study, however allocation to the timing of vaccination and to one or two vaccinations in this (VATICO) study is not blinded.

NCT ID: NCT04960748 Completed - Clinical trials for Cervical Cancer Prevention

Promoting Cervical Cancer Screening Through the Advocacy of Screened Women

Start date: August 30, 2021
Phase: Phase 2
Study type: Interventional

This study pilots a 7-session group intervention among 40 screened women, 20 of whom will be randomly assigned to take part in the intervention, and 20 to the wait-list control. Assessments will be administered at baseline and month 6 to index participants as well as up to three unscreened female social network members of each index participant (up to 120 total). The primary outcome is CC screening among participating social network members.

NCT ID: NCT04899076 Completed - Tuberculosis Clinical Trials

Stool Processing Kit (SPK) Evaluation for Pediatric Tuberculosis (TB)

Start date: June 19, 2019
Phase:
Study type: Observational

This is a prospective, multicenter cohort study in which the accuracy and the diagnostic yield of the Stool Processing Kit (SPK) in combination with Xpert Ultra MTB/RIF (Ultra) on stool samples will be assessed using a microbiological reference standard and a composite reference standard among children with signs and symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis.

NCT ID: NCT04867798 Completed - HIV Clinical Trials

Transgender Men and HIV in Uganda: PrEP Uptake and Persistence

Start date: September 16, 2021
Phase:
Study type: Observational

Transgender men (trans men; assigned female sex at birth but identify as male) are generally thought to be at low risk of HIV acquisition, perhaps because of the assumption that they have sex with cis-gender women. Emerging data from resource-rich settings show that trans men often face many of the same high risks as transgender women (trans women; assigned male sex at birth but identify as female). Trans men report similar rates to trans women of engagement in sex work and engage in unprotected receptive vaginal and/or anal sex with cis-gender men. Additionally, they report high sexual risk-taking behaviors including inconsistent condom use which puts them at risk of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Little is known about HIV risk in trans men globally, and no published data are available from sub-Saharan Africa. We will recruit a cohort of 50 trans men through respondent driven sampling. We will use mixed methods to gain a deeper understanding of the sexual health experiences and risk behaviors of trans men in Uganda. Guided by the Social Ecological Model, we will conduct in-depth interviews with up to 20 trans men to understand individual, interpersonal, community and social contextual factors that influence sexual risk behaviors and HIV/STI risk (Aim 1). In Aim 2, we will characterize HIV and STI prevalence and risk among trans men by conducting a behavioral HIV risk assessment including sexual practices, alcohol and drug use, partner violence, gender dysphoria, male hormone use and willingness to take PrEP. In Aim 3, we will evaluate PrEP uptake and persistence among HIV-negative trans men with HIV risk. Participants will be offered PrEP and followed monthly for 12 months. At quarterly visits, participants will receive integrated next steps adherence counseling and drug level feedback using a point-of-care urine tenofovir lateral-flow immunoassay. Free testing and treatment of common curable STIs (Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis and Trichomonas vaginalis) will be provided. Primary outcomes are: 1) PrEP persistence at 6 and 12 months as measured by tenofovir levels in dried blood spots collected quarterly, and 2) STI incidence. Assessment of PrEP use by trans men will help increase the utilization of HIV services, including HIV and STI testing and PrEP, with a goal of decreasing HIV acquisition.

NCT ID: NCT04844099 Completed - Malaria Clinical Trials

Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine or Sulphadoxine-Pyrimethamine for the Chemoprevention of Malaria in Sickle Cell Anaemia

CHEMCHA
Start date: April 9, 2021
Phase: Phase 3
Study type: Interventional

Sickle Cell Anaemia (SCA) is an inherited disease that makes the body produce red blood cells with abnormal sickle-shaped cells. The sickle-shaped cells are rigid, not flexible and break up easily resulting in anaemia. The abnormal cells also stick to the vessel walls, causing a blockage that slows or stops the flow of blood. When this happens, oxygen cannot reach nearby tissues. The lack of oxygen can cause attacks of sudden, severe pain, called pain crises, stroke or damage to important organs such as the spleen. All of these can lead to death. These attacks can occur without warning and are often started and made worse by infections such as malaria. Therefore, in many countries in Africa where malaria is common, children with SCA are given malaria medicines to prevent the infection. However, many of the medicines do not work effectively, are too difficult to take or they have side effects, resulting in poor adherence. The aim of this study is to find safe, acceptable and effective medicines for malaria prevention in children with SCA in eastern and southern Africa. The investigators propose to conduct a study to find out whether giving weekly doses of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine, also called DP, is safe, more effective, acceptable and cost-effective than the current strategy of monthly sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) to prevent malaria in children with sickle cell anaemia. Overall, 548 children aged 6 months to 15 years will be chosen randomly to receive either weekly DP or monthly SP for about 18 months. To test if the study medicine is effective, the study will compare the case burden of malaria. The investigators will also monitor every child for any type of illness, blood transfusions and other complications of sickle cell anaemia and admissions to the hospital. In addition, the study will evaluate the impact of DP on the development of resistance by malaria parasites. The study will also include nested safety studies on the effect of DP on the heart. All study participants will receive all the other usual care and treatments, including patient education on home care, and daily penicillin if younger than 5 years. If proven safe and efficacious, chemoprophylaxis with DP may decrease the incidence of malaria in children with SCA, prevent ill-health and deaths, and improve wellbeing.

NCT ID: NCT04832321 Completed - Clinical trials for Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD)

Measuring Beliefs and Norms About Persons With Alcohol Use Disorder

Start date: February 19, 2021
Phase: N/A
Study type: Interventional

Survey experiment to estimate drivers of stigma toward people with alcohol use disorder